Fall of Labor Unions

What do you think of when you hear the phrase â€Å"labor unions?† Most people associate a negative connotation with labor unions. They think that labor unions are the only cause of strikes and work stoppages. Most think that people in unions are greedy and will do anything to get more money. Others swear by their unions, saying that their employers would take advantage of them if they didn†t organize their unions. However as we prepare to enter the new millennium, labor unions are decreasing in size. Let†s look at some of reasons. First, the numbers are unmistakable. At the end of 1997, when the most recent count was made, only 14.1% of workers belonged to unions, the lowest percentage since 1936 (Gross 23). This is a dramatic decrease from when unions were at their height at the end of World War II when 35.3% of Americans were in unions (Galenson 13). One cause of this fall of union membership is the decline of manufacturing in America and the transfer of much manufacturing work over seas (Gross 24). Because of advances in technology and labor saving innovations, fewer people are required to make steel and assembler automobiles. As a result, only 16.1% of U.S. workers now work in factories, down from 22.8% twenty years ago (Aronwitz 2). There has also been a decrease in size of the large corporations, which in the past usually signed industry-wide contracts to produce a particular item. The latest figures show that the 800 largest firms employed 17% of the total workforce, down from 25.7% twenty years ago (Aronwitz 3). Many of these companies have their work done abroad. Nike does not make a single shoe in the United States and many insurance companies are having paperwork processed over seas (Hacker 45). At home corporate jobs are frequently assigned to temporary workers, who are often classified as â€Å"independent contractors† and are not very likely to join unions. Indeed, there are fewer long-term jobs, something union seniority could once guarantee. Last year, among men aged forty to forty-five, only 39.1% had worked ten or more years at their current job, compared with 51.1 percent in 1983 (Galenson 27). So, one might ask, what caused this to happen? At some point in the 1980s, the balance of power shifted against labor unions. Some say the defining moment was in 1981, when then-U.S. president Ronald Reagan forced an end to the bitter air traffic controllers' strike. Others point to the 1985 victory of then-British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher over striking coal miners (Gross 239). Whatever the reason, unions are trying to make a comeback. There are several strategies that unions have devised to return to their former glory. Unions have adopted a more lenient attitude towards management, reducing the number of strikes to record lows in the 1980s and early 90s, and attempting to negotiate contracts providing job security for members (Gross 278). Unions have also placed greater emphasis on organizing drives for new members. Although unions have been very successful in organizing government employees, they have been less successful with recruiting office workers in the rapidly expanding services sector. However, during the last two decades, the wage advantage for unionized workers with private jobs has fallen by 44.1 percent, although the public sector has increased by 9.5 percent (Maguire 20). Currently, 41.9% of union members are from the public sector. Among the most strongly unionized occupations are firefighters (71.6%), flight attendants (69.4%), and high school teachers (56.1%). Only 28.6 percent of coal miners belong to unions and only 19.5% of truck drivers (Hacker 47). Despite all of the downsides of unions they do have their benefits. Here are a few examples of salaries secured through collective bargaining by highly trained professionals: Pilots with only fifteen years of service at Northwest, American, United, and US Airways now earn on average over $175,000 a year. Professors at New York City University can now get as much as $101,655 for twenty-eight weeks of teaching. Under the current National Basketball Association contract, first year players-some of them right out of high school-will start at $300,000 (Hacker 48). The recent NBA lockout has shaped many peoples† opinions on labor unions. Most people, myself included, thought that it was ridiculous for these people to be having a labor dispute. The players are already making an insane amount of money and the owners are millionaires themselves looking to add to their pocketbooks also. The real losers in this battle are the fans who love the game. They cannot see their favorite players in action because of this dispute. This just goes to show you that labor markets affect us in our everyday lives. Another way labor unions can affect our lives is when they decide to strike. This can effect hundreds, even thousands of workers in the General Motors strike in 1998. In the case with the automobile industry, many factories are involved in the production of their cars. If even one of these factories strikes then the other factories must also shut down. This chain reaction can render thousands of workers jobless in just a few weeks. The union members know that there is always a potential risk of striking as accept as part of their job. What role will unions play in the future? Will they ever return to former glory? Nobody knows for sure. Economists have mixed feeling on this matter. Some say that the workers of the twenty-first century will demand a return to the unions and organize in record numbers. Others say that the current trend will prevail and almost wipeout unions completely until there are only a handful of them remaining. My opinion is that unions will stick around for as long as people are working. They will be there to protect the rights of the individual worker and make sure that he or she is treated fairly.

Psychological Approach – Wuthering Heights

According to Freud, there are three different kinds of mental processes that result in three kinds of personalities. These are Id, Ego and Superego. These three parts in Freud’s model of the psyche help explain mental maturity and development. In Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights, Catherine symbolizes the impressionable ego and was pulled between Heathcliff, which represents the id, and Edgar, which represents superego. Her struggle between these two opposing forces and inability to choose between them is what ultimately lead her into delirium.The id in Freud’s model of the psyche is related to the man’s instinctive attitude and desires. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people seek to meet their physiological and safety needs before moving on to fulfill their desire for love and belonging. As a child, Heathcliff was far more occupied with trying to survive on the streets of Liverpool than emotional development. After being taken in by Mr. Earnshaw, and thus freed from these more basic desires, Heathcliff was allowed cultivate these feelings of love and belonging in Catherine.Conversely, because of Hindley’s abusiveness, especially in the wake of the death of their father, Catherine had to turn to Heathcliff to fulfill her desire for love and belonging. Perpetually, Heathcliff became representative of the fulfillment of these desires to Catherine. On the other hand, the superego is representative of society and focuses on balance, proper behavior, and goodness. Obviously, Edgar is the archetypal example of this idea. As the Linton siblings were born into privilege, both Edgar and Isabella had their physiological and safety needs fulfilled very early on.They were raised to be sophisticated, independent, and developed members of society. During her stay at Thrushcross Grange, Catherine recognized these more developed traits in Edgar, and instinctively tried to gravitate towards developing her own superego in his presence. This was demonstrated in Catherine’s desire to become more womanlike and cultured and her subsequent transformation at her return five weeks later from her stay at Thrushcross. Thus, as the result of her development of her id with Heathcliff and uperego with Edgar, Catherine is heavily entwined in her relationships between both of these characters. The ego of Freud’s model aims to keep a balance by negotiating with the id and pleasing the superego, and Catherine is the prime example of this as she tried to balance her life between Heathcliff and Edgar. Though Catherine intuitively gravitated to Edgar because of his more advanced psyche, she couldn’t bear to leave Heathcliff, whom she believes is more representative of herself.In fact, both Heathcliff and Catherine grew to be so emotionally intertwined that Catherine professed to Nelly, â€Å"I am Heathcliff,† indicating that she put much more devotion and significance in her relationship wit h Heathcliff over Edgar. Therefore, this pull in her psyche between what she should be drawn to and what she actually desires is what ultimately makes Catherine spiral down into madness. Though there were other factors to take into consideration that lead to Catherine’s descent into insanity, ultimately it is her ambivalence between her id (Heathcliff) and superego (Edgar) that pulls her into two.

Advantages Of Effective Communication

Advantages Of Effective Communication Effective communication is the act of using correct word in order to get your message across and keep in mind who is receiving it. For example most people often use up to date slang when with friends as a mean of talking effective considering the best way to get their message to that person. Advantages of effective communication The fact is that while you already know how to communicate, learning a some simple principles that can be used at once will make you an effective communicator and give you enormous advantage in today’s extreme competitive business world. Conflict is reduced. Conflict can arouse from the smallest word or action and can cause destructive responses and behaviours .Unsolved or poorly navigated conflict can harm and even ruin relationships.   Most conflict is cause by misunderstood communication. When you turn out to be an effective communicator, you can solve conflict and create harmony by bridging the communication gaps that create conflict. You can ev en use your skills to resolve conflict between other people. Effective communication skills provide a key role in successfully resolving conflict, both in the home and in the workplace. Help people  to  adopt your ideas.   Knowing how to persuade and getting people adopted to your idea require you to nudge hard and do things that will piss people off to make them adopt your ideas. Effective communication is not about â€Å"you† and getting what you want†¦ it is about becoming aware of what other people want and need and then adapting your presentation to match their needs. As you practice and develop your skills, you will find that people easily  adopt your ideas because you have cleverly helped them to notice them for themselves rather than telling them about them. Have stronger relationships. A keen, healthy relationship can be best achieves in your life. Good relationships enhance every part of your life, supporting your health, mind, and your connections with others. Some relationships are special and people often come all together for several reasons. Effective communication builds strong business and personal relationships and allowing you understand exactly what people want  and how to give it to them. At the same time, it allows you know how to communicate your thoughts and emotions in ways that people we automatically understand at an unconscious level. Lead to successful career. Effective communication provides people great advantage in getting good jobs which they had passion for, balancing their mood of life both in academic, moral aspect and bring out the out of life. People will like you better. People grow very accustomed to a certain manner in life. We like to celebrate individuality in the world and also discriminate against to that are dissimilar to us. Gratefully, effective communication shows us that we don’t need to decide between these two polarities. We can communicate in a way which is similar to other peopl e while still keeping the honour of our individuality. In order to be unique easily express what you want to express (say what you want to say and do what you want to do but in a way which is familiar and understandable to other people. Using effective communication will aid you to understand other people well and when you understand them, you will relate to them well. When you relate well, people will like you more.

Supply Chain Operations Reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Supply Chain Operations Reference - Essay Example The reforms have occurred due to the amplified market competition to deliver better value to their customers. A new system had definitely succeeded in delivering higher values to the clients - thanks to Supply Chain Management. Supply Chain Management or SCM is a blend of art combined with technology which works to improve the business ways, functions, processes that are a part of a product formation and its delivery. Supply Chain Management is clearly defined as "A combination of various processes that start from the initial phase of the product till the finished consumption of the same product by the consumer. It is a process which involves the planning, implementation of these plans, and controlling of the product manufacture with the intention of providing complete satisfaction to the customer." (Kim, 2006). The basic activities that are encompassed within a supply chain are resource collection, procurement, warehousing, transport management activities, co-ordination with partners, suppliers and most importantly - the customers. The fundamental nature of Supply Chain Management combines the complete supply and demand management related to a product. However, like every other discovered technology that fades away with time and gets replaced by a new one, supply chain management, has also lost the interest of the organizations. The practice of managing the supply chain has been employed by companies around the globe, which engage in critical activities. Furthermore, the intensifying international financial system and the world-wide set up of e-commerce also whetted the intended importance of supply chain management and have distorted the old techniques so that they obtain benefit by promoting the supply chain approach and planning, as an aggressive tool. By incorporating supply chains with customer affiliation plans and an effectual financial organization, it has turned out to be far easier for any company to stay in positive control of its business actions and produce the results that are intended for (Chopra and Maendil, 1999). Though, as per the study conducted, there has been a noteworthy documentation on the subject of the op timal output that could have been achieved as compared to what the companies are getting at present. Most of the companies are now not able to check the real time data involved with a supply chain disruptions, and irregularities. The executives are not able to identify the scope of unfavorable actions, and as a result they are forced into intricate and hasty situations. These effects can bring about disaster for a company existing in the present competitive world, by escalating their manufacturing and delivery operating costs, increasing inventory and delaying their products into the market. At the same time the lack of well-timed data also thwarts the organizations from making use of opportunities. The entry of SCOR into the scene has offered a number of methods to companies in order to gain more competitive advantage. Quick response theory, better communication between trading partners, mutual scheduling, forecasting, and replacement are the initial levels of Supply chain synchronization, (Choudhary, & Tiwari, 2006). Also, SCOR

Policy Influences and Policy Stakeholder Reflection Essay

Policy Influences and Policy Stakeholder Reflection - Essay Example In the discussion henceforth, a solution would be provided with supportive arguments to the government acting as a representative of the stakeholder group in order to expand the capacity, especially of the Port of Melbourne. Policy Influences Essay Introduction In the discussion henceforth, a solution would be provided with supportive arguments to the government acting as a representative of the stakeholder group in order to expand the capacity, especially of the Port of Melbourne. Various aspects which include the role of the stakeholder group along with the evaluation of actual or likely partners or collaborators, who would contribute towards the expansion of the capacity, will also be portrayed in the discussion. ‘Melbourne Ports-Our Future’: Mission or Purpose The mission of the organisation named 'Melbourne Ports - Our Future’, is to present an appropriate decision in relation to expanding the capacity of the Ports of Melbourne. The expansion of the portsâ₠¬â„¢ capacity is quite necessary for the purpose of meeting with an ever rising trade demand and protecting the economic future of freight gateway (The Port of Melbourne Corporation, 2011). Hence, it can be stated that the main purpose of the organisation is to arrive a standpoint whether the dredging of the Port of Philip Bay or the expansion of the Port of Hastings would be the best suitable option to plan for increased shipping capacity of the Port of Melbourne. ... m a social point of view, the various benefits of dredging include the prevention of further degradation; developing the liveability of the river communities by improving parks along with greenways for the inhabitants and most importantly, helps to expand the shipping industry (EnviCom Working Group 100, n.d.). Alternatively, the most apparent impact of the facet of dredging upon the environment lay in the fact that it adversely affects the sea grass habitat, cultural heritage and most importantly tends to impose barriers to the augmentation of tourism sector causing disturbances to facilitate the various types of recreational activities including diving, boating and fishing (The Port of Melbourne Corporation, 2009). However, dredging could make greater economic benefit as the process tends to be less-time consuming along with requiring lesser amount of investment. Apart from the initiative of dredging in the Port Philip Bay with the purpose of expanding the capacity of the Port of M elbourne, another initiative is also taken into concern which includes the expansion of the Port of Hastings. However, the Port of Hastings is viewed as a chief container port which performs its operational functions in corresponding with the Port of Melbourne so as to increase the trade demand considerably. Moreover, in order to make suitable planning for future economic growth along with the expansion of the Port of Melbourne, the Victorian government largely supported the fact that the Port of Hastings can be regarded as the favoured location for a subsequent container port. The Actual or Likely Partners or Collaborators In order to extend the capacity of the Port of Melbourne by enlarging the Port of Hastings, there pertains the necessity to work with actual or probable partners or

Program Improvement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Program Improvement - Research Paper Example Therefore, by improving the program, we would be expecting to have a program that is more useful, of higher quality and easier to implement. As a result, we would be increasing the capability of the program to achieve its key objective and goal of ensuring that all education professionals become effective in research undertaking and management. The ‘training the trainers’ program, as earlier proposed, could either use coordinated multidisciplinary units or adapt integrated, interdisciplinary units. However, the effects of these types of units would be different when applied in the program. In our case, the ones that would best serve the needs of the program are the integrated, interdisciplinary units. According to Swango and Steward (2002), an integrated, interdisciplinary unit incorporates the entire core subjects learners need to learn. In this kind of units, an educator administers to learners concepts tailored towards different disciplines. These kinds of units would revolve around different subjects and, thus, they would be involving different concepts that can be applied by all the learners regardless of their field of expertise. There are various reasons that make integrated, interdisciplinary units to serve the needs of this program better than the other types of units. ... This would make all the learners involved in the program gain equally regardless of their area of specialization. Moreover, we can teach several interdisciplinary concepts within a unit. This saves both time and resources while still achieving the required goals and objectives. Therefore using this kind of units in the program would make the process of implementation much easier. However, integrated, interdisciplinary units also have some disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is that in this kind of units, the concepts taught are unified. This makes it difficult for the learners to distinguish concepts that belong to a specific discipline. Another disadvantage is that in this type of units, learners are taught some concepts that do not fit their area of specialization. Such concepts might not be useful in their professional undertaking hence learning those concepts make no difference in their career. As the program team, we thought that it is better to give people additional inform ation instead of giving them inadequate information. This is why we decided to use this type of units despite knowing these two disadvantages of this type of units. A very good example is a unit designed to teach how to design an educational research. Such kind of unit could include several concepts some of them designing a survey, designing an experiment and designing a psychometric research integrated in one unit. It could also include the moments of how to design a research in different disciplines of education like science education, language education or social sciences education. The unit would integrate different concepts, as well as explain their various applications in different disciplines. As a result, the unit would have a greater capability of

HR project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

HR project - Essay Example St. Lukes Medical Center (SLMC) is located in the Philippines and has provided high-quality healthcare for over a century. Founded in 1903, its mission is to provide outstanding out-patient care. Today it is the foremost and most admired hospital in the Philippines and an acknowledged leader in Asia. (SLMC About Us 2009 par. 1) To deliver excellent healthcare through caring and highly competent professionals, utilizing world-class technology and research. This we shall do in the most financially viable way without losing sight of our primary purpose - to be of service to God and mankind. As defined, a mission statement is a â€Å"written declaration of a firms core purpose and focus which normally remain unchanged. Properly crafted mission statements (1) serve as filters to separate what is important from what is not, (2) clearly state which markets will be served and how, and (3) communicate a sense of intended direction to the entire organization.† (Business Dictionary 2009). Using the definition, the abovementioned mission statement only mentioned the organization’s core purpose and focus which is very general in nature. Although it clearly identified what the organization considers of primary importance (delivery of excellent health care), there was no mention of target markets that the organization purports to serve and how. However, the third element, communicate a sense of direction, was also clearly emphasized by stating that â€Å"this we shall do in the most financially viable way without losing sight† of its primary purpose which is to be of service to God and mankind. Overall, I think this mission statement clearly identifies what the organization wants to accomplish which will remain unchanged for the span of its business life. But since there was no mention of its market, it can still be improved by including â€Å"to deliver excellent healthcare to individuals with various health dilemmas in all age brackets through

Spinal manipulation for back pain Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spinal manipulation for back pain - Article Example Under these circumstances, spinal manipulation is suggested as an alternate method capable to ensure good level of recovery from low back pain. This technique involves the skills of a trained chiropractor or a physiotherapist to move the spinal bones of the patients using their hands. But spinal manipulation has not been received well by the entire community of medical practitioners. The experts have raised serious apprehensions on the efficacy of these practices and propose detailed research to investigate the reliability of spinal manipulation for the treatment of low back pain. Random clinical trials are conducted of the samples who receive the spinal manipulation therapy and the effectiveness is often measured using patient based primary assessment system that includes patient rated intensities in pain, the extend of disability, overall improvement experienced time taken for recovery. The spinal manipulation therapy is often said to have responded differently to different level o f back pains. In the case of patients reported with acute back pain moderate level of evidence is available for the short-term relief of pain being achieved using spinal manipulation therapy. The repots available also highlight that in the case of patients suffering from chronic back pain, the moderate evidence is available in favor of spinal manipulation therapy both in long term and short term. Extensive research have been undertaken to assess the impact of spin

Financial Implications of Staff Morale problems Essay

Financial Implications of Staff Morale problems - Essay Example In a report made by the Center for State and Local Government Excellence, most health care organizations have decided to reduce its employee number since the economic downturn. According to the survey that they have recently conducted, the top workforce issues faced by the local and state governments are â€Å"retaining staff needed for core services, reducing employee health care costs, and addressing employee morale and workload problems.† It was also reported that there were 62% pay freezes, 54% hiring freezes, and 41% layoffs. The CEO of Center for State and Local Government Excellence, Elizabeth Kellar, mentioned that "As they face hiring freezes, moral issues, layoffs, and accelerating retirements, more than 70 per cent of state and local governments say staff development is a priority issue." The American College of Health Executives reported that the effects of staff shortages due to layoffs are felt acutely by hospitals and other health care institutions. Now, the hea lth care industry is facing a new dilemma, they must fulfill their responsibility to provide high quality yet affordable patient care and of course addressing low morale problems among its employees. The American College of Health Executives took a stand that â€Å"healthcare executives have an ethical responsibility to address any shortages that exist within their organizations in such a way that patient care is not compromised, existing staff are not unduly burdened and financial costs do not become excessive.†

The IMFs Approach to Economic Stabilization Essay

The IMFs Approach to Economic Stabilization - Essay Example In order to truly diagnose the situation, and properly understand the IMF and its current position in the world, we must ask the following questions: Founded in the turbulent era of the 1940s to stabilize the world economy, and based in Washington, D.C., the IMF (International Monetary Fund) is "an organization of 184 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial security, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty." ("IMF", 2006). The IMF's original purpose was "to establish a code of conduct that would enhance economic cooperation, and avoid the 'beggar-thy-neighbor' policies that led to the economic turbulence of the thirties." (Babb & Buira, 2005). In short, the IMF is a multilateral institution that lends money to governments in order to stabilize currencies and maintain order in international markets. Since the IMF was established its purposes have remained unchanged, but its surveillance, financial assistance and technical assistance operations have developed regularly in order to "meet the changing needs of its member countries i n an evolving world economy." ("IMF", 2006). The IMF "plays a key role in defining how much governments can spendThe Fund's view of what defines the macro economic stability of a country is the authoritative one for all development partners." ("Eurodad", 2003). What are the Main Components of the IMF's Approach to Economic Stabilization Particularly so in recent years, the IMF's quantitative approach to economic stabilization "has been the subject of considerable controversy." ("Survey", 1999). Considered as "the creator of the 'moral hazard'," (Monsod, 1998), the IMF consists of many programs which are often characterized as being "unnecessarily damaging to growth, harmful to the poor, unduly inflexible and unresponsive to the differing needs and circumstances of member countries, and based on rigid application of outmoded and discredited economic principles." (Mussa & Savastano, 1999). In order to understand the IMF's approach to economic stabilization and how it functions in all aspects, one must first understand the process of an IMF supported program: typically an IMF supported program is not permanent or 'set in stone' at the beginning of operations, but rather begins with the seemingly simple a request of a member. It is only then that the IMF staff prepares a blueprint of a program that is used for the actual basis of negotiations. After this, when an agreement is reached, the arrangement is cleared by IMF management and then approved by the IMF Executive Board. Disbursements proceed immediately after this if all performance

China and Western Religious Beliefs Essay Example for Free

China and Western Religious Beliefs Essay In the early human social, Religious includes world explanation, judicial, moral cultivation and mental comfort, and other functions. In modern society, science and judicial have separated from some religious, but the moral training and mental comfort function will continue to exist. Religion’s belief systems and social groups are an important part of human thought culture and social form. 1.1 The History of Christianity The History of Christianity is the study of the religion started by a Jewish prophet from Nazareth named Jesus. Christianity would grow into one of the worlds major religions, impacting all other religions and changing the course of human history. Christian history mainly concerns the Christian religion and Church, up to contemporary times and denominations. Christianity differs most significantly from the other Abrahamic religions in its claim that Jesus Christ is God the Son. The vast majority of Christians believe in a triune God consisting of three unified and distinct persons: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Throughout its history, the religion has weathered schisms and theological disputes that have resulted in many distinct churches. The largest branches of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Protestant Churches. Christianity began spreading initially from Jerusalem, and then throughout the Near East, ultimately becoming the state religion of Armenia in 301 , of Ethiopia in 325,of Georgia in 337, and then the State church of the Roman Empire in 380. Becoming common to all of Europe in the Middle Ages, it expanded throughout the world during Europes Age of Exploration. Christianity has thus become the worlds largest religion. 1.2 The History of china religious Confucianism, also known as Confucianism, the Confucian doctrine, otherwise known as Confucianism, but does not refer to religion. Confucius as the master of Confucianism, so there is called Confucianis. Confucian classics formed in times of Confucius, but in different age the interpretation of Confucian classics are very different, so it is difficult get a comprehensive define to the Confucian. Essence of Confucianism can be said of social ethics and social management, ethics, or religious interpretation, but not the religion. Ming and Qing dynasties look the Neo-Confucianism that formed in Song Dynasty as official theory so the Neo-Confucianism has spread as mainstream of Confucianism. Comparison between Chinese and English religious beliefs 2.1 The Similarities They have the same background, the Christian was created When the Jews were ruled by The Roman Empire, Jews look forward to a person just like the farseer said who can take them moving towards freedom. While China, Confucianism and Taoism are created when the people were suffering in pain during the Warring States period, 2.2 The Differences 1. Separation of Man and God in Western religions and unity of that in China original sin is the foundation of Christian theory and practice . Because human ancestors, Adam and eva had sinned, corrupt moral invaded their body, and Transmitted to their descendants, the result is men are guilty, all mankind have sin. because of this people are bound to die, and will were punished in all their life. We can see from the original sin all things of Christianity are classified into two worlds: the human world and God’s world. Person’s world is a world separated from God, and human’s world depends on God’s world, so everything is the communication between the two worlds and its results. Obviously, Christianity preached that man and God, the separation of man and nature. While Chinese religion would emphasize that the harmony between man and nature, issues of life within a confined themselves, to solve problems with people- oriented. 2. Monotheism of western religions and pluralism of China religions Christianity is a strictly monotheistic, think that there only have one master of the universe that is God. According to predetermined level of order and purpose God arrange things of the universe. God as God, but also the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Starting this belief, the Christian establish a complete doctrine including Doctrine of God, creationism, human nature, original sin of Christ on, Salvation. Understanding the knowledge and stories of Bible is a very important part of the western cultural training. Therefore after the formation of Christianity it gradually established a fixed, unified values ​​and outlook on life. Those are met with the religious teaching, whether the regulation or the modern thoughts can not be divorced from the relationship with this religious. In practice, Christianity also starting from system to establish unified church organization such as church in urban and rural areas for christians to pray. Chinas religious has given people great freedom, so that people can hold religious sentiment in their hearts. Therefore, the God most Chinese people worship is not uniform. Most Chinese people do not belong to a religious organization, however, are more or less exist a unified spirit from Confucianism Buddhism and Taoism. The religious traditions in China, Confucianism has constituted the soul of Chinese culture in the long course of historical development. Many thinkers and politicians in China are based on the Confucian sense of responsibility to pursue truth, to maintain the orthodox and the implementation of reforms. On the other hand, in addition to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the Chinese folk religion and worship of God is also very much prosperity and universal, various gods are the object that believers worship incense. the strong contrast between the conceptual life and practical life resulted in the loss of religious values ​​and alienation in China, and also led to the emergence and spread of a variety of primitive superstitious beliefs and event. It caused abnormal development of the spiritual life, so that a heavy burden put on the reality of Chinese culture, many people have a spiritual emptiness

Biometrics Identification Attendance Monitoring System Essay Example for Free

Biometrics Identification Attendance Monitoring System Essay Technology plays an important role in our society because of modernization. One that makes the daily activities of organizations more convenient is the use of technology. The internet that is really abundant today for handling information, web-based applications are some example of this and Information Technology (IT) is a big help to many companies. To resolve the problems encountered in the daily processes as well as to make their company effective and competitive. â€Å"Business Analytics† is a continuous iterative exploration that refers to the technology, application, processes and a fact based management to driven decision making. Philippine Auto Components, Inc. was established in the Philippines in 1995. The company is a part of DENSO Corporation Japan, which is the leading company in automotive technology components in the world. The products are car air-conditioning and heating systems, electrical automotive and electronic control products, filters, fuel management systems, instrument panel clusters and radiators. PAC is certified as ISO 14001 in August 1998 for it regards the preservation of natural resources and international and environmental standard. The company have the mission to contribute to the better world by creating value together with a vision for future. It’s Vision to become the top design engineering who totally develop Electronic automobile technology. Its philosophy, such as Customer satisfaction to quality products and services, Global Growth through anticipation of change, Environmental Preservation and harmony with society and Corporate vitality and respect for individuality. The organization works the spirit of having teamwork, as One for All, All for One†. The policy in the manufacturing as 3M- Minimum space, stock, investment; 3N- No defect received, produced, delivered; 3S- speed, simple, s. o. p and 3Z- Zero emission, variance, accident. The principles of HR to their employees to motivate them to work with encouragement by fully concentrating with their capabilities, to recruit, assign, retain, and develop competitive workers with creative power and fair HR management policies to gain for DENSO recognition in both community and associates. Since they expanded last year, they will focus on recruitment of new employees and maintaining the performances of their current workers. Because of this they exceed more time and focus for the HR Personnel to generate reports about the employees, the applicants as well as the supervisors. In the recruitment process, there are applicants that will have an exam once they submitted their resume in the company; applicant wait hours while screening of their resume which is checked by HR Personnel. Applicants who passed the exam will be informed through phone for scheduled interview and requirements. Usually applicants wait months with the result. When an employee requests a sick leave, he/she is required to fill up explanatory form. Before request leave acceptance, he is required to submit medical certification for the updating signed by concerned Officers for HR archiving and verification. Ailing personnel is considered unfit to work. Meanwhile, the supervisors have several tasks to accomplish also and the top priority is the work for the flow of the production. They should go to the designation area of the supervisors and employees to update records correcting inconsistencies accomplishing this with given deadline. HR has other reports to be done apart from this. Through cooperation and time management the process with the HR, it should be easier for them to handle. We focused our study on the HR department about their current process in the recruitment, evaluation and filling leave by the employees as well as the reports for the HR. The researchers want to contribute to the improvement of the processes through this study. The Philippine Auto Components, Inc. is one of the companies that want improvement, in their office because they encountered inconveniency. The main objective of the study is to develop efficiently the current process of Human resources of Philippine Auto Component, Inc. Specifically, the study aims to achieve the following: 1. To determine the problem with regards to data rendering of Human Resources. 2. To determine the issues with regards to generating reports of Employees Information. 3. To address accurately the information for the Human Resources related decision. 4. To speed up the process of monitoring the records in recruitment, job evaluation and performance, leave request and employees’ information. 5. To provide a system that can be effective, accurate, reliable, user friendly and secure. 6. To improve the reports and employees information being mishandled that leads to the lost of data and errors in records. Conceptual Framework The researchers used a paradigm structure to support the fundamental principles of the study. A paradigm is a pattern or a model that corresponds to the real world of processes on what the researchers have gathered. It guides the development of the study regarding what the proponents want to improve for the satisfaction among the persons involved in this study. The figure shows the paradigm that is based upon the process in the Human Resource Department or the office. The paradigm has the Input, Process and Output that will guide the researchers for the development of the automation in some HR processes. INPUTPROCESSOUTPUT Figure 1. Conceptual Framework The figure shows the process inside the HR that the information about the employee, applicants and even the supervisors are being recorded. The employees information like their leave request, their performances in their designated jobs including the personal information and which the department they belong to. The applicants’ information with the flow of recruitment and their training are also being input. The supervisors are also being evaluated by the employees. This will be processed and have an output of the reports in evaluations of three, the absence calculations and the lists of the current employees and newly hired as well as the applicants’ information and list. Significance of the Study Prior to the advent of computerization, data is processed manually. However, in the past few decades, the computer and electronic technology has been incorporated into almost every aspect of our lives. They now play a big role in the lives of people and assist them in taking care of files and documents. Today, there is probably no better indication of how technologically advance is the society than a computerization process. Nowadays, computers have become the base technology that enables the people to tap information resources as the fast growing industry of the internet. Great help will be provided for the company Philippine Auto Components, Inc. in terms of trends in Information System, thus, improving the HR functions and benefits as the delivery of services within the organization. The following are the beneficiaries: Company. The Philippine Auto Components, Inc. will benefit because they can save materials like papers and inks as part of their cost in the operation of the company, especially they can now have strategic planning to be more competitive advantages instead on focusing to the manual process that HR has. The company will remove the barrier between the branches or other department. HR Personnel. Can give less effort in the report, target deadlines are being done before the date, eliminates human errors, save time, the leave and absences made by the employees are monitored as well as the communication between the applicants and employee is more convenient. The possible loss of information is less. Supervisors. Accurate and up to date leave reporting and a real-time tracking of leave will generate the system. They are easily informed about the leave request and handling of approval and disapproval will not disturb their other work activities within the company. Employees. Can easily file a leave request without filling up many forms like explanation slip, and they can monitor and aware of their allotted leave such as sick leave and vacation leave. They can work in a fair environment. Their performances are also shown for they will be in the sense of improving their jobs and have a goal to do task well managed and be an asset to the company. Applicants. Hiring within the company is easily being known by the applicants and they will prefer online applications than traditional walk-in job hunting which is time consuming and costly. The announcement online will benefit them, for they can easily apply for what exact job they are looking for. The follow-up Interview schedule through email would be better than waiting for a phone call. Researchers. This will help the future researchers to use this as their reference in their study as well as the programming language being used. This will aid them in enriching their study and will serve as a source of their related literature. Scope and Limitation This study will focus on the HR functions in the company, Philippine Auto Components, Inc. and is intended to eliminate the common problems encountered by the current process of the organization. The information about the current employees, applicants as well as the supervisors will be input to the system. The employees can request a leave which is being approved by the supervisor with the use of the system. Employees can also monitor their allotted leave and performances in their jobs. Applicants can follow-up scheduled interviews through the notification in the HR admin who uses the system. They can also view hiring position within the company. HR can monitor the training of the newly hired employees. The information list of employees in their classification belonged to like contractual, under probationary, regular employees and on the job trainees are also being monitored. The allotted or remaining absence or leave will be monitored by the employee. The performances of employees being evaluated by the supervisor and the applicants’ information are being updated by the HR Personnel. The system offers reports like list of employees, list of applicants, leave monitoring and evaluation reports among the employees. There is a communication between the employee and the HR department and employees can also suggest some ideas to the management. The system does not cover the inventory of all the materials inside the company, cannot compute the sales of the company, do not monitor the prices of the product, cannot monitor trucking and shipping of the products and cannot make purchase order. Definition of Terms Online. A computer-related application that uses an internet connection to be access by the users of the system to communicate easier and faster among the people involved in the institution. It helps the organization to gain more competitive advantages. Company. This is the working environment that has one goal in achieving their vision in terms of business and customer services depending on their products. Organization. It is the groups of people in the company that are involved in the process of Human Resources and needed to have the full attention with regards to the data handling. I. S. Information System. System that help the current process to be more accurate, efficient, secured, user friendly and make their work and day to day operation be more convenient. HRIS. Human Resource Information System. System that develop to collect, process, store and distribute information applying to the policies and process of the Human Resource Management. HRM. Human Resource Management. It encompasses the recruitment, records, leave reports and other information that provides a safe and fair environment in the company. HR Personnel. Person who are responsible in the Human Resource in the current process. HR Department. The persons who are involved in the data reports, recruitment, evaluation and the whole Human Resource process in the company. Supervisors. The head officer of each department in the company that implement the rules and regulations of the company, communicating to the HR for the better flow of the employees’ job, be motivated and guides them for their leave request. Employees. The persons who work within the company’s premises. Applicant. The people who seek job vacancies in the company to have a work and be stable to the day to day life. Leave Request. The employees need to file when in sick, emergency, even maternity and paternity leave covered on period of the date. Computerization. It is the process of applying technology in the paper handling materials for betterment of the organizations’ tasks in the company. Paradigm. A pattern that will help the researchers to overview the covered processes of the HR on what are should be the input data and the accurate output of the system. Quantitative Data. It express the data’s certain amount or range. It makes sense to set boundary limits to such data and it is also meaningful to apply arithmetic operations to data. Quantitative research. This is a technique like surveys whose findings may be expressed numerically and can be computed through mathematical manipulation. That will help the researchers to estimate the future events or quantities. Lickert Scale. It is the way to measure the mean figure responses and evaluate a study through questionnaire using decrement value (Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither, Disagree and Strongly Disagree). Iterative Waterfall. The focus is on delivering a sprint of work as opposed to a series of valuable/shippable features.

Improve Personal And Professional Development Skills Information Technology Essay

Improve Personal And Professional Development Skills Information Technology Essay The purpose of this report is to identify the personal development skill as well as professional development skill to the extent of understanding the ways to get better idea about those and then do a personal audit which finally refers to make a plan for personal development for next year. Every organization has a goal to achieve. To achieve that goal organization identifies its target area where the potential problem may arise and can be solved and the training and workshop required developing the skill of the employee. Among those area Human resources is the most important part. To improve that resources organization attempts various program attributable to improve the professional development skill which could effectively give effort to the organization in line with the achievement of the organizational goal. Task-1 1.1. METHODS to improve personal and professional development skills Personal development is the process of improving ones self-knowledge; develop the potentiality of certain areas, building the capability and quality. As Bob Aubrey said, Personal development  refers to activities that improve self-knowledge and identity, develop talents and potential, build human capital and employability, enhance quality of life and contribute to the realization of dreams and aspirations. Professional development is referred to develop the personal and career skills where the person could effectively provide his/her knowledge to the organization. As described by Speck, M. Knipe, Professional development has been described as intensive and collaborative, ideally incorporating an evaluative stage 1.2 Differences between counseling and mentoring Counseling refers to the process of setting by a counselor with a person to help the persons in particular problem or overall development of attitude and behavior. Counseling basically helps an individual to get their problems identified, solve them in pro-active manner and improve their overall skill way better than before. While saying about counseling Gladding Samuel T said, Counseling emphasizes growth as well as remediation. In an organization counseling helps the employee to identify their problems and solve them. In the organization counseling may deal with its internal skills development like performance appraisal, handling employee grievances, disciplinary procedures, coaching and so on. And deal with external areas such as, conflict resolution, dispute resolution, Mediation, etc. Counseling should be looked upon in terms of the amount of direction that the counselor gives the counselee.   This direction ranges from full direction  (directive counseling)  to  no direction (nondirective   Ã‚  counseling)(source: www.tpub.com) Directive counseling refers to the process of listening to the proper problem, getting knowledge of the problem of a member; refer the member to potential solving and lastly encouraging the member to solve it. This types of counseling encompasses advice, help to releases emotional activities and thinking. Non-directive counseling refers to; listen to the counselee, help him or her to identify the problem and sort out the proper course of action. Mentoring is the process and technique of sharing knowledge among the person who is less experienced knowledgeable. Mentoring is the most effective way to get the employees share their knowledge between who is knowledgeable and not knowledgeable. Mentoring is the ongoing relationship that helps to solve the potential problems which can be more informal and any person can be mentor and mentee where the organization may need not to bring other external mentors at all time.-   Mentoring is a process for the informal transmission of knowledge,  social capital, and the psychosocial support perceived by the recipient as relevant to work, career, or professional development; mentoring entails informal communication, usually face-to-face and during a sustained period of time, between a person who is perceived to have greater relevant knowledge, wisdom, or experience (the mentor) and a person who is perceived to have less (the mentee) (Bozeman, B. and Feeney, M. K., 2007. Toward a useful theory of mentoring: A conceptual analysis and critique.) Mentoring can be done in the following areas: à ¢- ºBusiness à ¢- ºExecutive à ¢- ºPerformance à ¢- ºSkills à ¢- ºPersonal Example: In an organization there can be various problems that may arise in ongoing business activities. The concerned problems such as the company namely NIKE has facing employee motivational factors are not productive to the degree of expectations. Also conflicts in working arena among the employees arising in different level at different times. After identification of this problem NIKE has taken counseling to solve the problem. Again at the stage of mentoring this situational conflict, the company has taken various initiatives which encompass the increasing of new employee. 1.3. Pprofessional development skills in achieving personal or organisations goals and objectives Professional development skill encompasses to all sort of development starting from college to organizations. There is various ways to develop skills. There are a variety of approaches to professional development, including consultation, coaching, and communities of practice, lesson study, mentoring, reflective supervision and technical assistance.(National Professional Development Center on Inclusion.   What do we mean by professional development in the early childhood field?) Among the various skills three development skills are explained below which gives more accurate to achieve the goals and objectives. These are Leadership skills, Multitasking skills and Coaching. These are explained below: Leadership skill Leadership is the process of acquiring free consent by one person of many others where the person influences to the fraternity that followed by. In an organization leadership is as to be the leading by the key person where the goals oriented business is ongoing. The interests of the organization are in common and everyone within the organization follows the leader. The use of positive reinforcement is a successful and growing technique used by leaders to motivate and attain desired behaviors from subordinates. Organizations such as Frito-Lay, 3M, Goodrich, Michigan Bell, and Emery Air Freight have all used reinforcement to increase productivity.(Source: Lussier Achua, 2010) So, Leadership encompasses those which are attitude, behavior, leading power. In the organization every person requires to attain these as this are present within every department from smaller to larger portion. Multitasking skill Multitasking is the ability to do several tasks at a time. In an organization which is comparatively smaller, shows up that one person is doing the different task at a time which required doing. Rapidly increasing technology fosters multitasking because it promotes multiple sources of input at a given time. Instead of exchanging old equipment like TV, print, and music, for new equipment such as computers, the Internet, and video games children and teens combine forms of media and continually increase sources of input. (Foehr, Ulla, MEDIA MULTITASKING AMONG AMERICAN YOUTH) Coaching Coaching refers to developing the ability of a coachee by coah by various activity to improve the quality of coachee. Coaching is helping to identify the skills and capabilities that are within the person, and enabling them to use them to the best of their ability and by that increasing the independence within the individual, and reducing reliance. (Rixon, Nick,  2007, UK Coaching Academy CD Goals and Motivations) As described by Eric Coaching is a process that enables learning and development to occur and thus performance to improve. To be a successful a Coach requires a knowledge and understanding of process as well as the variety of styles, skills and techniques that are appropriate to the context in which the coaching takes place (Eric Parsloe, 1999, The Manager as Coach and Mentor. pp 8) Coaching nowadays is not for only senior managers who could in return fulfill the demand of the organization in achieving the goal. But to that context coaching is now has great demand which also given to the lower hierarchy where staff are also required to do the coaching. 1.4 Time Management: the importance and benefits Time management is that skill which helps one to enable effective response to the increase of efficiency and productivity. In business organization time management is all the way important from organizing day to day activities to every departments planning arena. Time management is a set of principles, practices, skills, tools and systems that help individual to use their time to accomplish what they want. (http://www.successconsciousness.com/blog/time-management/importance-of-time-management, accessed on 16.12.2010, 8.00pm) So, time management in short can be said that the effective use of time personally or business in an effective manner so that every required task are done accurately. Urgent Not Urgent Important Crying baby Kitchen fire some calls Exercise Vocation Planning Not Important Interruptions Distractions Other Calls Trivia Busy work Time wasters Exhibit: Time Management The importance includes all the way where the idle time increases the cost increase to that level as the organizations are engaged to achieve the goal of maximizing wealth of shareholders and stakeholders. The key benefits that can be derived by effective time management are reducing business harassment, eliminating of idle time of every staff within the organization and diminishing stress. It also helps to get motivated as such where employees are getting return of their work within time. Such as, employees salary, increment, etc. 1.5 Value of a Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme to both an organisation and an individual A Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is an organized learning to a particular subject where professionals get knowledge to the degree of higher efficiency. It helps to concentrate on the particular problem and helps to eliminate and manage that efficiently and orderly. CPD is defined as a commitment to structured skills enhancement and personal or professional competence. DTI, 2002, Accelerating Change This helps to acquire the best effort by personally which ultimately gives support to the organization that the persons are engaged into. As defined by Chartered Institute of Personnel and development in 2000, CPD can also be defined as the conscious updating of professional knowledge and the improvement of professional competence throughout a persons working life. It is a commitment to being professional, keeping up to date and continuously seeking to improve. It is the key to optimizing a persons career opportunities, both today and for the future. CPD value in individual In personnel development CPD gives the best way to segregate oneself from others so that the person can clarify and understand problems and solve them rapidly. It helps them to be up-to-date while increasing demand can make or arise problems in upcoming status. CPD value to the organization The value of CPD to the organization has greater impact as the market are more competitive and grower big than earlier. The ongoing demand to adapt the changes and be skilled within required demand needs to keep the knowledge and upgrading them swiftly so that the organization goals are met. The values of CPD in an organization like NIKE are given below: CPD enables staff to adapt the changes that are occurring daily CPD helps to achieve the organizational goal CPD Helps to identify and solve in the area that are required to get the accurate outcome from the staff TASK- 2 2.1 Personal skills audit Personal development is the process of improving ones self-knowledge; develop the potentiality, identify the weakness and increase the efficiency covering that weakness. The purpose of the audit is for you to be able to identify your own existing strengths and skills, and then to find where additional training or courses may fill gaps in your abilities. (http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sp2/1-2-2.html , accessed on 15.12.2010, 8.30pm) The personal skills audit refers to the process of analyzing ones capability and quality of performance. 2.2 The stages of a personal skills audit Skills audit refers to the process of gathering the information of lacking of individual. The skills audit requires being specific about the consequences and outcome where information will be useful. Also it can be more specific to the specific job task. The stages in personal skills audit are explained below: Stage 1- Performing a skill audit The first stages accomplices the identification of ones or the job tasks improvement requirement process. Where the SWOT analysis will be carried upon by oneself. There the Strengths, Weakness and Opportunity and Threats will be identified and action plan will be done accordingly. NEEDS/ABILITY GRID Needs/Ability Grid describes that A=Chores, B=Confidence, C=Effectiveness, D=Action needed and = Area of Training needed Exhibit 1: Needs / Ability Grid The SWOT analysis encompasses: S-Strengths: Where the person has strength that he believes to be working well. W-Weakness: Where the person has weakness in completing any task. O-Opportunities: Where the person has opportunity to establish his/her efficiency. T-Threats: In which area the person believes to be threat in consideration with the possible inflow of bad result comparing other. Stage 2- Selecting and writing up an Action plan After completing the stage 1 the person requires to identify and select the action plan according to the SWOT analysis. Documenting the action plan establishes the completeness of works to be writing up where the thought will be orderly organized. This can be done effectively followed by S.M.A.R.T. procedure. Stage 3- Documenting the record Whenever the stage 2 completes then it requires keeping up record of the entire document that are required to be done in process of doing the skills audit. The individuals required to do documents where they have developed their skills and where they have to develop yet. Skills audit for effective management leadership Skills audit are required to be done for the management as they helps one to identify and/or management to identify the existing problem and helps to ensure the effective uses of those personnel problems so that the organization can walk through in a good and efficient manner. A skills audit assesses performances, from both a task and process- management perspective. They employ a range of psychometrics which provides a 360 ° profile of the individual skills base within the organization and an assessment of its relevance to strategic objectives. Analysis of any skills gap is made against identification of organizational change drivers, in order to build direction and relevance into subsequent training and learning programmers. (http://www.businesspsychologycentre.com) Leadership is the most important part of the organization as well as management. While running the business organization needs and important representative to reach to the goal so that everything within the organization can be remain managed. 2.3 The importance of identifying learning style The importance of identifying learning style are so vast that by this process an organization could easily be able to identify the target area where the potential official has the most weakness and also has another area that they could be easily use that. The Kolb Learning-Style Inventory is an assessment tool, developed by David A. Kolb, Ph.D. The tool identifies preferred learning styles, and explores how the different styles influence: Making career choices, Problem-solving, Working in teams, Goal-setting, Resolving conflict, Managing others, Dealing with new situations, Communicating at work, Communicating at home (http://www.banffcentre.ca/departments/leadership/assessment_tools/kolb) Exhibit: Kolbs learning style The Four Learning Styles identified in this assessment are: Diverging: combines preferences for  experiencing  and  reflecting Assimilating: combines preferences for  reflecting  and  thinking Converging: combines preferences for  thinking  and  doing Accommodating: combines preferences for  doing  and  experiencing (http://www.banffcentre.ca/departments/leadership/assessment_tools/kolb) 2.4 Monitoring the effectiveness of my own learning style The monitoring of the awareness and effectiveness of that learning are the continuous follow up of the existing learning which could help to understand the situation. Following are the key role to monitor the effectiveness of own learning style: Make strategic goal oriented planning Identification of key areas to be developed Using performance evaluation tools Memorizing frequently Task-3 3.1 personal development plan Personal development plan refers to the process of making own more efficient and career oriented. Personal Development Planning can be defined as a process that helps you to think about your own learning, performance and/or achievements and to plan for your personal, educational and career development. (http://www.lboro.ac.uk/library/skills/Advice/PDP.pdf,) 3.2 Purposes of Personal Development Plan Personal Development Plan is the most organized way to make better oneself. The purposes of Primary development Plan are as follows: The key reason for Personal development Plan is identified here: Personal development directs your attention to important things. Personal development increases your capacity. Personal development connects you with positive people. (http://www.articleclick.com/Article/Three-Reasons-Why-Personal-Development-Is-Important/1056612, accessed on 16.12.2010, 7.30pm) Since, the Personal development Plan is more important so the person needs more concentration on the part to get better result. 3.3 My personal Development Plan for next year Personal Development Plan is important for every person as it helps to increase the efficiency of any person who carried out the plan. My personal development plan for next year will be as follows: 3.3.1 Identification of the development area (SWOT analysis) At first it is required to identify the personal development area where my personal weakness, strengths, opportunities and threats to be covered. So at first I will conduct an SWOT analysis. This will be done in various angels where the perfect outcome of the testing will be sorted out. 3.3.2 Object oriented future target After identification of SWOT analysis where my potentiality and problems will be identified than I will build up an object oriented future to target for the next year. Even though this process involves this years activity. And the changes level wont be so much vast but the initial planning will be helpful for change to target area from the beginning of next year. 3.3.3 Identify resources and gather accordingly, if needed To accomplish the work I require to be pointed out the resources that are available and after that I will take a control and inventory assessment where any more resources, if required, will be identified and shall be gathered accordingly. 3.3.4 Implementation of the plan and monitoring After all the process done, now I require to go for implementation where I shall have to monitor after implementation. Nowadays the job market is so much competitive that one needs to assure that he or she could compete with others to win a job. By assessing personal skills and understanding the growth of the market with Continuous Personnel Development I could get myself developed to the level where competition is expected and will have the potentially to distinguish. 3.3.5 Skill audit Skills Level of skills Low High Remarks Managing time organizing 1 2 3 4 5 Taking decisions and solving problems 1 2 3 4 5 Preparing plan 1 2 3 4 5 Delegating 1 2 3 4 5 Motivating 1 2 3 4 5 Target mapping 1 2 3 4 5 Communicating via written 1 2 3 4 5 Communicating orally 1 2 3 4 5 Coaching 1 2 3 4 5 After investigation of the above area I have identified that the following parts needed to be developed Managing time organizing Communicating via written Communicating orally Taking decisions and solving problems Preparing plan 3.3.6 Development plan with resource and time Development skills area Aims Resources Time Lag Managing time organizing Continuous develop the time management skill Work breakdown structure, Gantt Chart Entire year Taking decisions and solving problems Need to try decision in particular situation and possible solution Try to solve different case study 3 months Preparing plan Need to try every work by follow plan Planning activity Entire year Communicating via written To be an expert writer Reading newspaper, article, try to follow general written procedures and monitor continuous development Entire year Communicating orally Try to develop professional communication skill for oral communication Regular listing news Entire year conclusion The business growth level is diversified now. The demand of staff potentiality is increasing more with the diverse requirement. The job market is also becoming more competitive than before which requires more competent staff to accomplish multitasking capability. This intensifies the requirement to be capable of handling various tasks at a time with the expectation of return as required. This at finally requires to get the staff motivated and knowledgeable where employee return will be higher as expected.

With close reference to at least 2 poems explore how the poets create E

With close reference to at least 2 poems explore how the poets create a sense of mood and atmosphere. In "Porphyria's Lover" by Robert Browning and "Mariana" by Alfred Tennyson, the poets use many different literary techniques to create a sense of mood and atmosphere. They choose their language and vocabulary carefully to make the reader use all of their senses, using techniques such as imagery, rhyme and rhythm. "Porphyria's Lover" begins with a description of the rain and the "sullen wind" which makes the mood seem dark and gloomy, though unlike in "Mariana," this changes later in the poem. This is shown when he appears to be sulking when Porphyria calls and he does not respond. However, Porphyria's entrance into the cottage causes the atmosphere to become warmer by lighting the "cheerless grate," which again could mirror her lover's feelings for her in the same way as the setting in "Mariana" reflects the main character's emotions. This change in atmosphere in "Porphyria's Lover" suggests that she is the most important thing in his world and his source of happiness. In "Mariana," the building has fallen into disrepair, as the flowerpots were "thickly crusted" with moss and the shed was falling apart, which is similar to the feelings in her heart. In the same way that there is no one there to look after the garden, there is no one to love Mariana. The writers use rhythm, rhyme and repetition to give the poems movement and structure. For example, in "Mariana," Tennyson returns to a similar pattern of five lines at the end of each verse, which gives the poem phrasing. In "Porphyria's Lover," repetition is not used as much, but, as in "Mariana" there are patterns in the rhyme at the end of each li... ...oftly. The flowing rhythm makes the mood eerily calm, and this feeling continues right to the end of the poem. The opposite effect is created in "Mariana," as Tennyson uses punctuation such as commas and semi-colons to create breaks, which gives the poem a slow pulse and almost shows the passage of time that Mariana has to put up with. The last three to four lines of each poem have many similarities. Both refer to God, showing the religious thoughts of the time, and, more importantly, the both leave the reader wondering what happens next, and leave many questions unanswered. "Porphyria's Lover" and "Mariana" are both examples of how poets can create depressing and eerie moods and atmosphere using clever vocabulary, imagery, rhyme and rhythm. I think that the poems are both quite romantic, but are both examples of how too much love can be a bad thing.

Miscommunication :: essays research papers

â€Å"Miscommunication† Problems in every society usually derive from one specific thing. Miscommunication. How many times have you gotten in an argument or a disagreement with someone over what someone said, and then you later found out that that person meant something completely different from what was running through your head? How many times have you gotten off the phone with someone—someone important, --and wondered, what in the world were he or she talking about? I often get this feeling after class. Now, have you ever looked—I mean really looked at the English language? It is a very confusing language and it’s no wonder so many other people have so much trouble understanding it. Have you ever talked to someone from a foreign country and you’ve had to rephrase the entire thing you were trying to say because they didn’t understand? That’s exactly what I’m talking about. Let’s start with something simple. Oxymorons. Let’s say you’re getting ready for a job interview and as you’re leaving the house, someone yells out behind you, â€Å"Just Act Natural, you’ll be fine.† You get in the car and the only thing you get on your mind is â€Å"acing natural.† A person can’t act and be natural at the same time and the entire time you’re driving to the job interview, you’re thinking, what can I do to act more natural. That, my friend, is an oxymoron and can easily be mis-interrupted. You’ve heard of them before. They can easily be defined as a couple of words contradicting one another but used as a fixed expression. A couple of examples, found missing, same difference, good grief, and airline food. Expressions such as these can cause miscommunications, misunderstandings, and basically just a lot of confusion. Have you ever been watching the news or Sportscenter ® and they show a clip with the small title of â€Å"taped live† down in the corner? How can something already have been taped and yet they’re showing it over live television? Our government seems to enjoy these phrases quite a bit. In our government, they have many divisions called government organizations. Tell me if I’m wrong but I believe the government is an organization itself. How can they call them government organizations if the government IS an organization? That’s like saying organization organization. We also have a division we call the Peace Force. How can a person force peace without destroying the entire definition of the word?

The Evolution of Religion Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays

The Evolution of Religion Near the end of his novel, Darwin's Dangerous Idea, Daniel Dennett questions religion and contends that it was an evolutionary process to keep humans entertained. He says "they [religions] have kept Homo Sapiens civilized enough, for long enough, for us to have learned how to reflect more systematically and accurately on our position of the universe"(519). Dennett's position is a controversial one, and it is difficult to argue because it is such an abstract subject. Religion is associated with free will, and has been part of humans for thousands of years. Is religion as we know it useless now, have we arrived at the point in evolution where it is no longer necessary? Dennett never completely dismisses current religion, but he does not support its perpetuation either. Dennett's view of religion is as function, something that humans need, like opposable thumbs. He claims that religion has become merely about the actions, and that soon they will die out and belong in museums and "zoos". Dennett elaborates this thought, "what,then, of all the glories of our religious traditions? They should certainly be preserved, as should the languages, the art, the costumes the rituals, the monuments"(519). Is this right? Should only the material aspects be saved? Have they served their only purpose. Dennett seems to say that humans no longer need religions, and that since they have existed for so long they are no longer needed, it is their time for extinction. Will religions disappear leaving only the materials and traditions as Dennett seems to suggest they will, or will they evolve, and change to meet our modern world. In Karen Armstrong's History of God she says "for 4,000 years it [the idea of God] has cons... ...sappeared, but they became infused into other religions. The ancient Hellenistic religion became infused into Christianity, and the Sumerian religion was an influence for the writers of the old testament (http://www.comparative-religion.com/ancient/). In that sense the ancient religions continue to exist, they have merely taken a different form. Will the modern religions of today follow a path decreed by Dennett and Armstrong and disappear, or will they merely become influences in the next wave of religion? The major religions today have been in existence for thousands of years, but that does not mean that they will not evolve. As people and culture change, so will the worlds religions. People will always have faith, and humans have not achieved a point in evolution where religion is no longer needed, and it is highly unlikely that it will ever reach that point. The Evolution of Religion Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays The Evolution of Religion Near the end of his novel, Darwin's Dangerous Idea, Daniel Dennett questions religion and contends that it was an evolutionary process to keep humans entertained. He says "they [religions] have kept Homo Sapiens civilized enough, for long enough, for us to have learned how to reflect more systematically and accurately on our position of the universe"(519). Dennett's position is a controversial one, and it is difficult to argue because it is such an abstract subject. Religion is associated with free will, and has been part of humans for thousands of years. Is religion as we know it useless now, have we arrived at the point in evolution where it is no longer necessary? Dennett never completely dismisses current religion, but he does not support its perpetuation either. Dennett's view of religion is as function, something that humans need, like opposable thumbs. He claims that religion has become merely about the actions, and that soon they will die out and belong in museums and "zoos". Dennett elaborates this thought, "what,then, of all the glories of our religious traditions? They should certainly be preserved, as should the languages, the art, the costumes the rituals, the monuments"(519). Is this right? Should only the material aspects be saved? Have they served their only purpose. Dennett seems to say that humans no longer need religions, and that since they have existed for so long they are no longer needed, it is their time for extinction. Will religions disappear leaving only the materials and traditions as Dennett seems to suggest they will, or will they evolve, and change to meet our modern world. In Karen Armstrong's History of God she says "for 4,000 years it [the idea of God] has cons... ...sappeared, but they became infused into other religions. The ancient Hellenistic religion became infused into Christianity, and the Sumerian religion was an influence for the writers of the old testament (http://www.comparative-religion.com/ancient/). In that sense the ancient religions continue to exist, they have merely taken a different form. Will the modern religions of today follow a path decreed by Dennett and Armstrong and disappear, or will they merely become influences in the next wave of religion? The major religions today have been in existence for thousands of years, but that does not mean that they will not evolve. As people and culture change, so will the worlds religions. People will always have faith, and humans have not achieved a point in evolution where religion is no longer needed, and it is highly unlikely that it will ever reach that point.

Problems with Solutions for Practice in Factoring – by Rahul Krishna

FACTORING – PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS 1. [pic] [pic] 2. A company is considering engaging a factor, the following information is available: i) The current average collection period for the Company’s debtors is 80 days and ? % of debtors default. The factor has agreed o pay money due after 60 days and will take the responsibility of any loss on account of bad debts. ii) The annual charge for the factoring is 2% of turnover payable annually in arrears. Administration cost saving is likely to be Rs. 1,00,000 per annum. iii) Annual sales, all on credit, are Rs. ,00,00,000. Variable cost is 80% of sales price. The Company’s cost of borrowing is 15% per annum. Assume the year is consisting of 365 days. Should the Company enter into a factoring agreement? [pic] 3. MSN Ltd. has total sales of Rs. 4. 50 crores and its average collection period is 120 days. The past experience indicates that bad debt losses are 2 percent on sales. The expenditure incurred by the company in admi nistering its receivable collection efforts are Rs. 6,00,000. A Factor is prepared to buy the company’s receivables by charging 2 percent commission. The factor will pay advance on receivables to the company at an interest rate of 18 percent per annum after withholding 10 percent as reserve. You are required to calculate effective cost of factoring to the company. [pic] [pic] 4. The turnover of PQR Ltd. is Rs. 120 lakhs of which 75 per cent is on credit. The variable cost ratio is 80 per cent. The credit terms are 2/10, net 30. On the current level of sales, the bad debts are 1 per cent. The company spends Rs. 1,20,000 per annum on administering its credit sales. The cost includes salaries of staff who handle credit checking, collection etc. These are avoidable costs. The past experience indicates that 60 per cent of the customers avail of the cash discount, the remaining customers pay on an average 60 days after the date of sale. The Book debts (receivable) of the company are presently being financed in the ratio of 1 : 1 by a mix of bank borrowings and owned funds which cost per annum 15 per cent and 14 per cent respectively. A factoring firm has offered to buy the firm’s receivables. The main elements of such deal structured by the factor are: (i) Factor reserve, 12 per cent (ii) Guaranteed payment, 25 days (iii) Interest charges, 15 per cent, and (iv) Commission 4 per cent of the value of receivables. Assume 360 days in a year. What advise would you give to PQR Ltd. – whether to continue with the in house management of receivables or accept the factoring firm’s offer? [pic][pic] 5. A firm has a total sales of Rs. 12,00,000 and its average collection period is 90 days. The past experience indicates that bad debt losses are 1. 5% on sales. The expenditure incurred by the firm in administering receivable collection efforts are Rs. 50,000. A factor is prepared to buy the firm’s receivables by charging 2% commission. The factor will pay advance on receivables to the firm at an interest rate of 16% p. a. after withholding 10% as reserve. Calculate effective cost of factoring to the firm. Assume 360 days in a year. [pic][pic] 6. The credit sales and receivables of M/s M Ltd. at the end of the year are estimated at Rs. 3,74,00,000 and Rs. 46,00,000 respectively. The average variable overdraft interest rate is 5%. M Ltd. is considering a proposal for factoring its debts on a non-recourse basis at an annual fee of 3% on credit sales. As a result, M Ltd. will save Rs. 1,00,000 per year in administrative cost and Rs. 3,50,000 as bad debts. The factor will maintain a receivables collection period of 30 days and advance 80% of the face value thereof at an annual interest rate of 7%. Evaluate the viability of the proposal. Note: 365 days are to be taken in a year for the purpose of calculation of receivables[pic][pic] 7. Junio Limited is a small manufacturing company which is suffering cash flow problems. The company already utilizes its maximum overdraft facility. Junio Limited sells an average of Rs. 4,00,000 of goods per month at invoice value, and customers are allowed 40 days to pay from the date of invoice. Two possible solutions to the company’s cash flow problems have been suggested. They are as follows: †¢ Option 1: Junio Limited would factor its trade debts. A factor has been found who would advance Junio Limited’s 75 percent of the value of the invoices immediately on receipt of the invoices, at an interest rate of 10 percent per annum. The factor would also charge a service fee amounting to 2 percent of the total invoices. As a result of using the factor, Junio Limited would save administration costs estimated at Rs. 5,000 per month. †¢ Option 2: The company could offer a cash discount to customers for prompt payment. It has been suggested that customers could be offered a 2% discount for payments made within ten days of invoicing. You are required to: (a) Discuss the issues that should be considered by management when a policy for credit control is formulated. (b) Identify the services that may be provided by factoring organizations. (c) Calculate the annual net cost (in Rs. ) of the proposed factoring agreement. (d) Compute the annualized cost (in percentage terms) of offering a cash discount to customers. (e) Discuss the merits and demerits of the two proposals. (a) Policy for Credit Control for Junio Limited (a) When a policy is being formulated, management should consider the following issues: i) The average period of credit to be given. Whether this should be longer than average to encourage sales or less than average, to speed up sales. (ii) Policy for making decisions on granting credit to individual customers: †¢ How customers are to be investigated for creditworthiness? (e. g. by direct assessment by the company, or indirect assessment using credit references from banks, or other assessment agenc ies) †¢ How the amount and timing of credit is to be decided? (e. g. whether credit is to be increased progressively). (iii) Debt collection policies: Whether to employ specific people for this work. Issue of debtors’ statements, reminder letters, whether and when to make use of professional debt collectors and when to consider legal action. (iv) Accounting reports required: Aged debtors lists etc. (v) Polices on persuading debtors to pay promptly: Discount schemes. (vi) Whether to make use of factoring services. For all the above, it will be necessary to consider the costs and benefits of the alternative course of action. This will include considerations on how credit is to be financed. (b) A factor normally manages the debts owed to a client on the client’s behalf. Services Provided by Factoring Organisations i) Administration of the client’s invoicing, sales accounting and debt collection service. (ii) Credit protection for the client’s debts, whereby the factor takes over the risk of loss from bad debts and so ‘insures’ the client against such losses. The factor may purchase these debts ‘without recourse’ to the client, wh ich means that if the client’s debtors do not pay what they owe, the factor will not ask for the money back from the client. (iii) ‘Factor finance’ may be provided, the factor advancing cash to the client against outstanding debts. The factor may advance up to 85 percent of approved debts from the date of invoice. iv) A confidentiality agreement may be offered to conceal the existence of the arrangement from customers. (c) Calculation of Annual Cost of Factoring It is assumed that the factor finance will not replace any existing credit lines, and therefore, the full interest cost of the agreement will be relevant when determining the cost of factoring. Annual Sales = Rs. 4,00,000 ? 12 = Rs. 48,00,000 Daily Sales = Rs. 48,00,000/365 = Rs. 13,151 The annual cost of factoring can now be found: [pic] [pic] (e) Key Issues in the Discounting Option (i) The proposal is expensive. The company should be able to get cheaper overdraft finance than this, and longer-term debt should cost even less. (ii) The company may need to offer a discount in order to make its terms competitive with other firms in the industry. (i) The level of take-up among customers is uncertain, and will affect the cash flow position. (ii) Problems may arise when customers take both the discount and the full forty day credit period. This will increase administrative costs in seeking repayment. Key Issues in the Factoring Option (i) The factor may be able to exercise better credit control than is possible in a small company. ii) The amount of finance that will be received is much more certain than for the discounting option as 75 percent of the value of the invoices will be provided immediately. (iii) The relationship with the customers may deteriorate partly due to the reduction in the level of contract with the company, and partly due to the historical view of the factor as the lender of la st resort. Thus, the final decision must take into consideration all the above issues. However, the most important points to consider are the ability of each proposal to meet the financing requirements, and the relative costs of the different sources of finance.

Nine-Phase Change Model Process Essay

IntroductionIn undertaking any heighten decl atomic number 18 oneself in an organization it is imperative that seam executive understand that decently bespoke coordinates and strategically sound routes are preponderating to the success of the scheme from its planning physical body to its execution phase. Linda Ackerman Anderson and Dean Anderson have theorize the nine-phase kind sit down that when apply decently is a powerful tool in helping organizations better tailor their limiting strategic plans to be in hound with the organizations influential areas of alternate change needs, employees needs, and the desired outcome. The Nine-phase commute put to work ModelThe Andersons place of change is called the nine-phase change process manikin, this change model is cosmopolitan comme il faut to fit any organizational structure and size and specific enough to organize its nine phases into a logistic flow that makes for better adaptation. The phases of the nine-phase m odel are 1. preparing to lead the change, 2. creating organizational vision perpetration and capacity, 3. assessing the situation to determine design requirement, 4. invention the desired state, 5. analyzing the impact, 6. planning and organizing for implementation of the change, 7. implementing the change, 8. celebrating and compound the new state, and 9. learning correcting the course. It is non-invasive and since it doesnt keep back the change agent to adhering to stringent restrictions, rather, it provides a workable method acting for organizations to align their missionary post of where they currently are to their vision of where they take to be and provide guidance on how to attain those visions with as little opponent as possible, bettering the chance of success.Personal Change PlanThe Andersons nine-phase change process model closely resembles my personal model of change. A general explanation of my change model is that it includes an investigation of an organizations get to tongue to and implied vision, mission, and credo and how their business practices measure up to them. A strategic and rhythmic method properly planned to include positive researchon facets of internal and away environmental changes that may affect the change, an overall risk analysis and contingencies to counter those risks, hierarchal charts of both the jut management police squad and the organization in general this is an effort to give everyone a better taste of where they are in the command stove with the hopes of facilitating orderly communication flow.My plan would overly include a work sectionalization structure that depart include a budget tailored to different departments. The project plan lead be properly communicated to all employees in terms comprehendible to them employees will be encouraged to give constant feedback and input on the project. Milestones will be clearly stated and celebrated, trite departmental training will be given prior to and during execution of the project plan. Meetings will be held with departmental heads to chase after progress of the project and everyone will be kept updated. Documentation of processes and procedures followed during the project will be made and kept for time to come reference. Research MethodIn conducting win research on the change model I intend to use companies the like Wachovia and Peace Health that have implemented or is implementing the change model as testimonies to the effectiveness or lack thereof- of the change model. I will also examine to explore the criticisms of this model and compare and product line it with my own. My resources will include websites like Linda Ackerman Andersons Being First website, EbscoHost, Lexis Nexis, and the course school text book Managing Organizational Change. This resource jackpot will provide credible knowledge to conduct a thorough research.

Introduction to children and young people

These include rooting, sucking, sw leting, grasping, and stepping ND go reflex. Babies atomic number 18 c atomic number 18less when they atomic number 18 born and they dont stand very much muscular co-ordination. They ar equal to focus their eyes very quickly and keep up sound from side to side as easily as being able to cry and attract gurgling sounds Soon the muscles beget to strengthen and babies draw to operate on their fall uponwork forcets. This allows them to begin exploring their environs and gip how their world operates. sensible control and co-ordination improvement downwards, beginning with the head and go by and through the neck, t rushk arms and the legs.Muscle control 0-3 historic limit 2 Months able to raise head when craft on stomach Months- digest grasp objects victimisation whole hand 6 Months- Can sit up without maintenance 8 Months Can burst out to crawl 12 Months rump walk without help 18 Months- Can climb stairs and run hardly l ots falls 2 old days Can controls muscles which allow for toilet training and can climb on furniture and kick a ball but non yet speck one 3 Years- can Jump and wind up a tricycle clever means the ripening of the sagaciousness and lets us to recognize, remember, reason, know and understand function slightly us.We alike smash communication skills which allow us to make ourselves understood and to develop kins. As tykeren interact with the environment they slowly organism their thoughts and develop a set of Reposes for dealing with the world. These become competent as new experiences occur giving us all a better understanding of our world. phraseology phylogeny is another part of intellectual ontogeny boorren should know at least six flora by 18 months.Most one-years-olds should be able to build unproblematic objects and by the age of two close to are able to put two or three words to endureher into a simple sentence. By the age of three, most speech should be understandable and babyren should be able to speak in complete sentences. Emotional- at the age of one babies are able to learn about the effect their fashion has on their parents/guardians and can enunciate emotions through tears, romp and facial expressions At two years of age toddlers are known for their anneal tantrums terrible twos as they get by to express how they impression.They are able to figure things to a certain degree, which is lots expressed through number. At the age of three, children are more than excellent to others feelings and testament share their toys with others and take it in turns to play with toys. They are entertained in having friends and his is practically when children run low nursery or playgroup Social Social maturation is similar to steamy victimisation, puppyish children from friendships and tends to show preferences for incident slew.Language skills are important in the nurture of this relationship and, as children develo p, they are more able to express their feeling verbally. Contact between ages is part of a normal family life and children benefit from spending condemnation with two older and offspring multitude. Most children go nursery at this age and this provides an opportunity for them to share time with different age groups. Childhood 3- 11 years somatic- fetchth continues really fast during childhood, although not as fast as in the front three years, and organic structure proportions as beginning to be more adult-like.Gross and fine motor skills are enough more advanced, like tying shoes, making and decorating a cake, playing football, building a musical instrument, throwing a ball and gymnastics Intellectual as children get older they are able to do more logical activities. That begins to understand different concepts but oftentimes call for to actually see concrete objects in order to understand them. As a child progresses through this tag they become fluent in language and w hitethorn develop a ripe vocabulary. They become able to construct sentences and use grammar well.Moral development is some(prenominal)thing that begins during this phase. This is the process by which children take on rules and expectations of the ordination in which they brought up and develop a sensory faculty of right and wrong Emotional as children progress through this stage they begin to lose the saltation with their main careers although they still need their fight back. They begin to be more independent and start to develop a sense of sense Most of our emotional responses are lettered from our parents/guardians.All children learn to control of their emotional Reposes and to resolve contest and parents/guardians should praise them when this occurs while trying to understand the temper tantrums of frustration that do occur. Children begin to show signs of benevolence and empathy and again careers need to encourage this. During this stage children alike develop the ability to talk about their feelings. crimson at a young age children will say things such as l feel sad or that makes me happy. Social- as children develops into genial beings they go through what us termed oscillations.Primary solicitation takes place within the family although in that location as many a(prenominal) different types of family. Relationship with raft outside the family becomes more important as children draw through this stage. Teenagers 11-19 years Physical- at puberty, chemicals in your body called hormones trigger many changes, including growth spurts and weight increases, and boys and girls begin to change and look different as they grow into young woman and men. Intellectual- ideas about religions and politics may overly begin to think about as their minds become more complex. Long term memory develops which enables teens to study for pass exams.Adolescents are able to start thinking about possibilities for both their immediate and semipermanent futures and plan ahead. Decisions such as whether or not to continue in educational activity or to go out to work may be options for some. Emotional- often teenagers alternate from behaving like children and then behaving as adults. They besides often feel misunderstood and may altercate parental value, deliberately pushing against boundaries which are often perceived as too restrictive or controlling. Teenagers become less dependent on family for emotional support and urn to their friends for advice, which is called influence of a peer group.Young pile want to be accepted by their friends and this can sometimes lead to difficult situations, affecting both self-esteem and self-concept. Social- social and emotional developments are intertwined. As teenagers gain independence, they spend more time with friends. This allows them to bore social skills. As teenagers turn more to their peers they often struggle because they want to be liked. Peer learning is very important and things like t he types of clothes and interest that are followed become significant.Peer pressure can in like manner present difficulties as it can challenge many of the ideas learned from families. This can be a period during which problems can start by experimenting with alcohol, sexual taste and attitudes toward education. 2. Know the factors that affect children and young peoples development 2. 1 identify the factors that affect childrens and young people development to include Background wellness environment Income- An income is the union of money an individual has pay to provide everything they need in in that location life.This usually comes from paid affair or infinite an individual may arrive from the government. Housing- where your life affects a lot of an individuals growth and development, some people consent sex in cities, towns, some fuck in the suburbs and some live in cracker-barrel areas. There are different types of places that you live in that can affect your health and wellbeing. Housing standards have improved a lot in the I-J but there are still people who live in poor housing. Environment- as well as the type of home you live in, the local environment and your community besides affect your growth and development.Other environmental actors can include living in overcrowded areas with no recreation spaces, living close to busy roadstead which are noisy, living near sources of pollution or living a long way from health and welfare services. Many areas have high offensive activity areas which is very dangerous and stressful Education- education affects development mainly because it affects Job opportunities. Higher educational per urinateance usually gives individuals more choice of the types of career or employment they can follow in the I-J, education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16, although many people study ended the age.Culture- people are reason by themselves and others in different shipway for suit, race, social class, ethnicity or religion. Sometimes this can lead to stereotyping and people may make generalizations about other establish on, for example, the types of clothing they wear. Gender- gender stereotypes as also reinforces by the types of Job people are directed to. For example, the health and social care sector is mainly staffed by woman although today many more men are choosing Jobs in this area. Once in workings there are employment laws against discrimination. 3. Know how to support children and young peoples development. . 1 outline different ways to support children and young peoples development to include physical development communication intellectual development social, emotional and behavioral development Play is a grand role in childrens and young peoples development. There are different ways in using language, verbal ways which are to question, clarify, describe, explain and debate. There is also nonverbal ways to communicate, like listening, looking and touching. talk of t he town to your child, tell your child what is going to happen for example now were going to have a bath.When we are dry, well get dressed parents can start interpret with simple board books and longer stories as their child gets older. Story times where they can use their whim and have input in their stories are also effective. Music is also good play to young children they will interact with the music by bounce and try to sing to the words. When they listen to lively songs or rhymes they learn about the world around them and the one shot of language. Repeat their statements back to them with correct words. Give your child lots of praise for heir efforts.Physical Children develop at different rates while some are naturally late bloomers and others are ahead, there are things parents can do to encourage and support a childs physical development. Encourage your child to move from one place to another, play games with them, run around a playground or sports field, and climb things . Intellectual Encourage your child to find out what he likes to do and answer your childs questions when you can. As they grow older, many children lose their curiosity. Make sure your child have well, stay active and gets proper amounts of sleep.Provide an opportunity to learn musical instruments or practice some form of performing arts. Reading will help your childs mind grow. Social, emotional and behavior development Children often struggle with expressing their feelings they need help knowing how to appropriately dress their feelings. Using language to identify, label and respect. It can also be helpful to tell and show young children other ways to manage like lb clay, drawing pictures, and telling stories about how they are feeling. assist to find appropriate ways to express emotions.