Life, Death and Beyond free essay sample

A comparative analysis of the beliefs about the absolute forms of existence as postulated in Platonic Socrates and Taoism. This paper compares and contrasts beliefs about life and death and the possibility of existence beyond death. The author examines these beliefs as exemplified in several philosophical frameworks: Platos Republic, The Phaedo, The Apology, and as illustrated in Taoism as indicated in Wandering on the Way: Early Taoist Tales and Parables of Chuang Tzu. From the paper: The Chunag Tzus idea of life after death is very different than Platos in the absolute sense, but they share similar details. One shared detail is that death may not be a bad thing. In The Phaedo, one has Plato arguing that all true philosophers must join him in death. If they truly love wisdom, then they should shed off this illness that is mortal life and venture into the immortal where true wisdom can be actualized, where true knowledge exists. We will write a custom essay sample on Life, Death and Beyond or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chunag Tzu holds a bit differentlyone just cannot know. Knowledge about death cannot be actualized. It is an unknown. In fact all things are unknown. The only knowledge one can really have is that the Tao exists. In Platonism, truth exists through logic and reason. In Taoism, it is through contradiction. In Taoism, A is not A, because this world is flux, one thing is never the same thing.

Workplace Motivation Essays

Workplace Motivation Essays Workplace Motivation Essay Workplace Motivation Essay Motivation in the workplace is the single most influential factor in achievement of higher productivity and profitability by an organization.   Over the years, psychologists have concurred with social analysts and workplace managers that employees indeed act as the main springboard to effectively promote objectivity of their organizations management plans (Weiner, 1985).   It is from this notion that motivation in most of the organizations has been assimilated not just at the top management levels only, but at the lower sections to derive genuine intrinsic returns.   Owing to this consideration, this paper seeks to explore workplace motivation strategies, their related theories and affects in organizations workplace settings.   Deriving this interlink, the paper outlines various recommendations that could be employed to effect the necessary changes and therefore assimilate holistic productivity and progress.2. Affects of motivational strategies on work productivitya) Introduc tionIn my organization where I work [XYZ] workplace motivation has been the defining factor for its current success.   As an airline company, the management underscores the need to strongly motivate the employees as they are entirely independent in their operations by nature of their jobs. Though the concept of giving the highest possible quality to the consumers through motivating the staff was initially not effectively understood, entry of the current Chief Executive officer made the notion easy to grasp and apply with ease.b) Organizational efforts to promote performanceDue to the high level competition in the airline industry, measures that have the capacity to promote returns are always welcome.   As a result, workers motivation has been assimilated as a major facet for enhancing greater returns.   Therefore, the management has facilitated the formation and operation of teams and groups at the lower levels of employees.   Use of teamwork and team leadership has therefor e brought the staff and employees at the decision making level as they are entrusted with all the major activities that take place during flights.   Indeed, this model been hailed and emulated by other airlines in that the staff is entrusted to address all the emergent issues to generate the highest possible satisfaction to the consumers.Besides, unlike other airline companies that keep on hiring and firing their staff, XYZ observes a high retention system with internal promotions serving as a major motivational consideration.   After the terrorist attack at world trade center in US, XYZ maintained its entire staff as others strongly downsized to cater for the crisis period as more people drifted away from air flights.   Top leadership and management officials are identified and promoted from the teams’ operations efficiency. Such emergent leadership has been a strong motivating facet to the level lower employees as they seek to follow the same trend to get at the top.B ridging the gap between the top management and the lower level employees has perhaps been the best motivating notion that the company employs to boost the morale of the workers in their duties.   Since the onset of the current economic crisis the management has sought to break the previous hierarchical mode of management and bring together all the staff to work together at all times.   By bringing them closer to the management, it became much easier to understand their overall needs and sentiments therefore pro-actively solving them.   Indeed, discussions and problem analysis between the management and staff in search for solutions and alternatives has become part of the XYZ culture.   This brings out the sense of ownership and identity which drives the employees to work in their organizations with great efforts as they would have done for their personal jobs.   It is from the above efforts that XYZ maintained its profitability after the terrorist attack in the year at the world trade center and the current economic downturn as the employees seek to gather more efforts from the continuous motivation they generate.c)   Employees resistance to increasing productivityIt is worth noting that though the management has over the years been strongly committed to enhance greater motivation, strong resistance has also been increasing with time.   Some of the employees view the current initiatives as a facet to divide them in that some cannot be able to get the different team leaders positions or being promoted.   Though the management has been considering this to be part of the anti development group that generally views any form of development from a negative point of view, the company leadership has often been cautioned to ensure that it does not spread to the rest of the staff.   This has prompted the management to establish a general criterion to be used for promotions and awards therefore preventing any sense of sabotage among them.   To add to that, bulk of the major changes have seen introduction of modernistic highly computerized and automated systems to not only reduce the time of service to the consumers, but promote the general quality and utility equivalence of the payment.   However, this has been interpreted to indicate possible threats to their jobs even with the management confirmation of total retention for all the staff.   This has further been linked with the overall resistant nature of the human beings in their work places emanating from their complexity analysis of the present events but overshadowed by the future uncertainty.d)   Management philosophy of motivation and practicesApplication of motivation systems by the company has been deeply based on the understanding of interplay between the different needs of the employees and their efforts to see higher productivity.   As a result, the management overview has been in a twin fold model where the general returns to the staff acts as the main drivi ng force to their general efforts.   Though this has been cited to be the major factor in the company behind its success, a general shift was recorded when the employees suggested their allowances reduction to anchor the general companys cost reduction strategy.   As Hatch underscores in his model of cultural dynamic, the ability of the staff to effectively support the management decisions depends on how the leadership will harmonize their views and needs of the workers to reduce the overall resistance to infer the necessary motivation for work and innovation (2000).   In this respect   XYZ brought sought to bring the management closer to the staff by invoking the necessary autonomy in their work, reducing the hierarchical management system, and incorporating the employees in the decision making process.3. Implications of applying other motivational theoriesa) Vrooms expectancy theoryThough XYZ application of motivational theories has been highly integrative of the different theories due to its nature, some have not been effectively applied.   To begin with, Vrooms expectancy theory indicates that motivation to the staff and employees is based not only on the material well being, but to attain the necessary anticipated outcome as the general achievement and assimilate the belief that the exerted effort has been helpful in promoting the status of the company.   Application of this theory would be of great essence to the company management by being self driven from the onset, carefully self evaluated, and highly cautious to raise productivity and profitability of the company.   However, its application would perhaps be highly controversial due to lack of the necessary guidance as exemplified by the present management of XYZ.   However, it would be a great relevance in reducing the overall expenses and therefore put greater emphasis on productivity and profitability of the company.To the employees, this theory would infer mixed reactions on their perceptions in that the general assimilated attitude towards the company could be essential in enhancing their efforts towards higher production.   However, it also has the capacity to be misinterpreted to indicate oppression by the management towards the employees and therefore become a major stabling block for productivity and progress in the company.   It is therefore essential that its application be effected instantaneously to give the correct message to the employees.b) Aldefers ERC theoryThen Aldefers ERC theory indicates that for all the expected returns to be assimilated, the staff would be required to attain different set standards to get the necessary benefits attached to them (Bollesm, 1975). Though this would infer further need of grater returns to the company, the management may indeed get the direct opposite.   Motivation as indicated in the earlier sections in this paper should be self driving without a sense of coercion. Possible standards should always be est ablished in consultation with the staff to affect the general acceptability of the system by all.For the employees in the company, this would be viewed as part of the general initiative to render them unworkable.   Indeed, it has the capacity to spark unrest from the general sense of inferiority to attain the different set standards.   It is imperative that such level marks are set at the possible levels that the staff would be able to attain and more importantly in teams.4. ConclusionIt is from the above discussion that this paper concludes by supporting thesis statement that motivation in the workplace is the single most influential factor in achievement of higher productivity and profitability by an organization. It is important that staff is carefully handled by the management to generate the necessary perception from them for higher productivity.   Motivation should be integrated to the general culture of the company in a manner that all the major operations project to pr ofitability.   To add to that, the management should give the employees the necessary room to contribute creatively and promote innovation for higher returns.

Battle of Molino del Rey in the Mexican-American War

Battle of Molino del Rey in the Mexican-American War The Battle of Molino del Rey was fought September 8, 1847, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Having advanced inland from Veracruz and won several victories, Major General Winfield Scotts American army approached Mexico City. Learning of Mexican forces in a mill complex known as the Molino del Rey, Scott ordered an attack to capture the facilities as intelligence suggested they were being used to cast cannon. Moving forward, troops led by  Major General William J. Worth assaulted the Molino del Rey and the nearby Casa de Mata. In the resulting fighting, both positions were captured, but American losses proved high. A somewhat Pyrrhic victory for Scott, no evidence was found that cannon were being manufactured in the facility. Background Though Major General Zachary Taylor had won a series of victories at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterrey, President James K. Polk elected to shift the focus of American efforts from northern Mexico to a campaign against Mexico City. Though this was largely due to Polks concerns about Taylors political ambitions, it was also supported by reports that an advance against the enemy capital from the north would be exceptionally difficult. As a result, a new army was created under Major General Winfield Scott and ordered to capture the key port city of Veracruz. Landing on March 9, 1847, Scotts men moved against the city and captured it after a twenty-day siege. Building a major base at Veracruz, Scott began making preparations to advance inland before yellow fever season arrived. Moving inland, Scott routed the Mexicans, led by General Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna, at Cerro Gordo the following month. Driving towards Mexico City, he won battles at Contreras and Churubusco in August 1847. Nearing the gates of the city, Scott entered into a truce with Santa Anna in the hopes of ending the war. The subsequent negotiations proved futile and the truce was marred by numerous violations on the part of the Mexicans. Ending the truce in early September, Scott began making preparations for assaulting Mexico City. As this work moved forward, he received word on September 7 that a large Mexican force had occupied the Molino del Rey. The Kings Mill Located southwest of Mexico City, the Molino del Rey (Kings Mill) consisted of a series stone buildings that once had housed flour and gunpowder mills. To the northeast, through some woods, the castle of Chapultepec towered over the area while to the west stood the fortified position of Casa de Mata. Scotts intelligence reports also suggested that the Molino was being used to cast cannon from church bells sent down from the city. As the bulk of his army would not be ready to assault Mexico City for several days, Scott determined to conduct a minor action against the Molino in the meantime. For the operation, he selected Major General William J. Worths division which was located at nearby Tacubaya. Plans Aware of Scotts intentions, Santa Anna ordered five brigades, supported by artillery, to defend the Molino and Casa de Mata. These were overseen by Brigadier Generals Antonio Leon and Francisco Perez. To the west, he stationed around 4,000 cavalry under General Juan Alvarez with the hope of striking the American flank. Forming his men before dawn on September 8, Worth intended to spearhead his attack with a 500-man storming party led by Major George Wright. In the center of his line, Worth placed Colonel James Duncans battery with orders to reduce the Molino and eliminate the enemy artillery. To the right, Brigadier General John Garlands brigade, supported by Hugers Battery, had orders to block potential reinforcements from Chapultepec before striking the Molino from the east. Brigadier General Newman Clarkes brigade (temporarily led by Lieutenant Colonel James S. McIntosh) was directed to move west and assault the Casa de Mata. Armies Commanders United States Major General Winfield ScottMajor General William J. Worth3,500 men Mexico Brigadier General Antonio LeonBrigadier General Francisco Perezapprox. 14,000 men in the area The Attack Begins As the infantry moved forward, a force of 270 dragoons, led by Major Edwin V. Sumner, screened the American left flank. To aid in operation, Scott assigned Brigadier General George Cadwalladers brigade to Worth as a reserve. At 3:00 AM, Worths division began advancing guided by scouts James Mason and James Duncan. Though the Mexican position was strong, it was undermined by the fact that Santa Anna had not placed anyone in overall command of its defense. As American artillery pounded the Molino, Wrights party charged forward. Attacking under heavy fire, they succeeded in overrunning the enemy lines outside the Molino. Turning the Mexican artillery on the defenders, they soon came under heavy counterattacks as the enemy realized that the American force was small (Map). A Bloody Victory In the resulting fighting, the storming party lost eleven of fourteen officers, including Wright. With this thrust faltering, Garlands brigade swept in from the east. In bitter fighting they managed to drive off the Mexicans and secure the Molino. Haven taken this objective, Worth ordered his artillery to shift their fire to the Casa de Mata and directed McIntosh to attack. Advancing, McIntosh quickly found that the Casa was a stone fortress and not an earthen fort as originally believed. Surrounding the Mexican position, the Americans attacked and were repulsed. Briefly withdrawing, the Americans witnessed Mexican troops sortie from the Casa and kill nearby wounded soldiers. With the battle at the Casa de Mata progressing, Worth was alerted to Alvarezs presence to across a ravine to the west. Fire from Duncans guns kept the Mexican cavalry at bay and Sumners small force crossed the ravine to provide further protection. Though artillery fire was slowly reducing the Casa de Mata, Worth directed McIntosh to attack again. In the resulting assault, McIntosh was killed as was his replacement. A third brigade commander was severely wounded. Again falling back, the Americans allowed Duncans guns to do their work and the garrison abandoned the post a short time later. With the Mexican retreat, the battle ended. Aftermath Though it lasted only two hours, the Battle of Molino del Rey proved one of the bloodiest of the conflict. American casualties numbered 116 killed and 671 wounded, including several senior officers. Mexican losses totaled 269 killed as well as approximately 500 wounded and 852 captured. In the wake of the battle, no evidence was found that the Molino del Rey was being used as a cannon foundry. Though Scott ultimately gained little from the Battle of Molino del Rey, it did serve as another blow to the already low Mexican morale. Forming his army over the coming days, Scott attacked Mexico City on September 13. Winning the Battle of Chapultepec, he captured the city and effectively won the war.

Attend a meetong (zone,planning, etc) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attend a meetong (zone,planning, etc) - Essay Example A Summary of the Meeting The meeting in point was held on September 24, 2013 and was formal and regular (not convened because of an emergency) in nature. The meeting was also a response to the need to replenish Pequannock Township’s reputation as the oldest Township in the United States, having been founded in 1695. It had been left tentatively in the previous meeting that equipping the town for disaster response, replenishing the city’s infrastructure and socio-cultural heritage. The Pequannock Township Mayor, the Deputy, clerk, Township historian and Township manager were the attendees, alongside me. Thus, the meeting was held with one single objective- improving and effecting the affairs of Pequannock Township, New Jersey as a way of strengthening the town’s reputation. The issues and problems that were raised include maintaining houses under the Planned Residential Development which was set in the early 1990s and alternatively known as the Glens; the maintena nce of Pequannock Township’s historic sites; generating more funds for running Pequannock Township more effectively; and strengthening Pequannock Township for emergency disaster response undertakings. ... Just as Colrick recommends, strengthening Pequannock Township for emergency disaster response undertakings would in turn involve using the initial sources of revenue and savings to raise funds for the same purpose. This would be followed up with educational programs that would be used as a tool to conscientize the public on disaster preparedness. The educational programs would involve the opening of community centers to target those above 18 years. Since it is most likely that high school students have not yet attained 18 years, resolutions were arrived at to integrate disaster management and preparedness to high school educational curriculum. Herein, Pequannock Township’s revenue will also go a long way in promoting disaster preparedness and emergency response, since it is robust enough; having been accrued from fees and levies exacted from utilities and enterprises such as stores, parking spaces and road levies (Colrick, 75). Personalities and Interests Represented At the Me eting The personalities and interests represented at the meeting are the Mayor of Pequannock Township, Richard Phelan, the deputy mayor, Melissa Florence-Lynch, the manager of Pequannock Township, David Hollberg, the town clerk, Jay Delaney, the Township historian, Ed Engelbart and other township officers such as Catherine Winterfield and Joel D. Vanderhoff. The extent of public discussion was far-reaching since the matters already mentioned as the main items to the meeting were to be thoroughly and exhaustively expounded on, and not be left tentatively. An Analysis Regarding Government and Politics at the Local Level in Pequannock NJ New Jersey According

Contemporary literature suggests that effective team working is Essay

Contemporary literature suggests that effective team working is essential for group efficiency and performance. By evaluating t - Essay Example How teams manage conflict and diversity can also improve decision-making, and consequently, innovation and team performance (Lira et al. 2008; Kauffeld & Meyers 2009). Furthermore, contemporary literature proposes that effective team working is essential for group efficiency and performance. Numerous arguments have been made to describe and explain team effectiveness. For instance, both sociotechnical theory (Pasmore 1988 qtd. in Delarue et al. 2008, p.27) and work design theory (Hackman & Oldham 1976 qtd. in Delarue et al. 2008, p.27) focuses on the design of the group’s task and its relationship to positive results; self-leadership theory has determined that supervisory behaviours help self-managing teams attain success (Manz and Sims 1987 qtd. in Delarue et al. 2008, p.127); and theories of participative management assert that some factors of the organisational context lead to team effectiveness (Huber & Lewis 2010; Jehn et al. 2010). However, theoretical arguments about gr oup effectiveness and group efficiency are not adequate. There should be additional studies on how they can be achieved and preserved. By evaluating this contemporary literature, how can this ‘group efficiency’ and ‘group performance’ be gained and subsequently maintained?† This paper examines the strategies and factors that can achieve and maintain ‘group efficiency’ and ‘group performance.’ Group efficiency Group efficiency refers to the efficiency in attaining group goals (Delarue et al. 2008, p.129). Also, for this paper, although groups and teams can be conceptually different, wherein groups are not always considered as teams, teams and groups will be used interchangeably. Groups will refer to teams also that are made to attain team objectives that can differ according to organisational needs or strategies. Findings showed that factors affecting group efficiency also impact group performance (Delarue et al. 2008; Liu & B att 2010). This research discusses these factors leading to group efficiency separately, but they can also directly or indirectly impact group performance. By indirect relationship, this suggests how certain factors can mediate team performance, such as what Human resource management (HRM) practices can do in influencing group efficiency and group performance (Chuang & Liao 2010; Tsai et al. 2010). Leadership and management Supervisors, acting as organisational leaders, can impact group efficiency and group performance. HR literature has determined three dimensions of the HR system that develop performance: investment in training, work designed to permit employees to interact and develop their skills and problem-solving abilities, and incentives to inspire effort (Chuang & Liao 2010; Tsai et al. 2010; Liu & Batt 2010). Liu and Batt (2010) examined the role of supervisors in enhancing employee performance through employing coaching and group management practices. It studies also the individual and synergistic impacts of these management practices. The research subjects consist of call centre agents in highly standardised jobs, and the organizational context apply to that which calls, or task

When to use Adobe Photoshop Essay Example for Free

When to use Adobe Photoshop Essay Plain and simple, Photoshop is for creating and editing photos and raster (pixel) based art work. The program was originally developed as a tool to enhance photographs, but over time its functionality has developed to the point where it can be used to create: User interface designs Web pages Banner ads Video graphics Editing pictures for print Because there is so much information about Photoshop out there in the form of tutorials and guides, some people feel that it’s all you need – a one stop shop. This couldn’t be further from the truth. The problem is that there are instances when you don’t need to use Photoshop, and should in fact be using Illustrator or InDesign. Do not create logos with Photoshop – It’s a bad idea that will do nothing but cost you time and money. Again, Photoshop is pixel, or raster based. If you create a logo with it, the files that it creates can not be enlarged or manipulated in the same manner that an Illustrator-based logo can. Do not set type in Photoshop for print projects – For type to print at its clearest, it needs to be vector based; Photoshop exports type as pixels. Now, you can save your Photoshop files in as an .EPS file which allows you to export type as vectors, but still this is not a best practice, so just don’t do it. Adobe Photoshop There are a lot of tutorials on Adobe Photoshop. As a matter of fact, there are so many tutorials that focuses on Photoshop that many people contact me or comment on this site stating that there are not enough tutorials on Illustrator or Indesign. (One factual tidbit: My Illustrator tutorial section is the most popular page in the tutorials section according to Google Analytics. To be even more honest, it is the most popular page in the whole domain.) It is a good thing that there are a lot of tutorials on Photoshop, but there are some negative side effects within widely vast available information. These tutorials help you become an expert on this software, and to my honesty, that is how I learned most majority of the techniques with Photoshop. The problem: The vast information network on Photoshop tutorials also causes people to become â€Å"too comfortable† with Photoshop and tend to â€Å"try† to do everything with Photoshop alone. What is Photoshop? The most important thing to know about Photoshop is that it is a pixel based program. Photoshop was primarily created in the beginning as a photograph enhancing tool and not so much anything else like it is used today. Adobe has recognized that many users were starting to use Photoshop to create elaborate UI designs, web page graphics, banner ADs, text effects and more. Adobe then started rolling out features that help designers create images for print, web, motion graphics and so on. However, again, the problem is that there are certain times when Photoshop is not needed (gasp!) to create certain projects. Photoshop is generally used for: Photo enhancement/Photo color correction Software/Web/Mobile UI design Web graphics Motion graphics Special effects Common mistakes/misconceptions One common misconception is the idea that it is good to use Photoshop to create stationary systems and logo’s. For the sake of yourself, please take this idea outside the window. Let’s talk about business cards as an example. There is an alarming number of tutorials online that shows you how to create business cards in Photoshop. These are what I call â€Å"bad tutorials† that teaches you the wrong way of creating a business card. Despite the result and outcome of these tutorials being amazing, or perhaps you can even get it printed and it will look fine, it is a bad practice to get into an habit. Just because the result looks fine don’t mean the practice is the best way. First off Illustrator type is by far superior in print output than Photoshop is. Yes Photoshop can output type, and even in vector â€Å"paths†. Yes Photoshop can bring in vector objects as â€Å"smart objects†. Yes Photoshop can draw paths using the pen tool. But the most important thing out of all this is that IN THE END, it is outputted as pixel data. Yes I am aware that it also depends on the file output. For instance, .TIFF does not output vector data but does output layer information and transparency. But .EPS does support vector output, yet it still doesn’t mean this is the best practice to do so. So should you never use Photoshop to create business cards? There are times you actually want to use Photoshop to create business cards. When it is justified to use Photoshop for business cards and other print projects If your business cards contain any textures, photography, special effects, blurs (not that I am encouraging this), or any type of pixel based design, Photoshop is obviously the best way to go. However, remember to output ANY pixel based art work in 300 ppi resolution with CMYK color mode. Do not output it RGB. If you have Photoshop filters in your artwork, changing your work to CMYK mode, or even applying certain filters in CMYK mode seem to look desaturated or not look too good. The work around to this: Create all your special effects, filter effects, etc in RGB mode. Flatten the work (merge layers) after you feel that your work in Photoshop is complete, and change the color mode to CMYK. Again, you will regret not switching color modes to CMYK after you send it off to the printer. Your result will look significantly different than you hoped for. When you should never use Photoshop for print projects For the love of all things that you love, do not use Photoshop to set type in your print projects. It is important to note that I am not saying you should never use the type tool in Photoshop. I am stating that it is not a good idea to use it in print projects. Never use Photoshop to create logo’s. The obvious reason is because pixel data cannot be enlarged without distortion. If you create the logo in vector format, your logo will be scalable to any size forever.

Farewell to arms - Bravery :: essays research papers

Bravery is the quality of a person who displays courage and fearlessness in the face of danger. Such qualities show splendor and magnificence in a person. Fear and terror sometimes hinder the determination someone can show. Overcoming this fear is what portrays bravery. In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, Frederick Henry shows bravery by freely joining the Italian army, risking his life for some ambulance drivers and swimming to freedom, being shot at the whole way. Frederick Henry grew up in America and in his early twenties, he decided to go to Europe and fight in the Italian army. Henry’s decision in the first place, showed courage and bravery. Fighting for another country over making a living in your own goes above and beyond what is remotely asked for. Even in my wildest dreams, I would probably not even think about fighting for my own country, let alone a foreign country. Times were tough, especially when the start of the winter came. With that winter came â€Å"permanent rain and with the rain came the cholera. But it was checked and in the end and only seven thousand died of it in the army.† (4) In the army, people die, and it is not the nicest place. Frederick Henry chose to enter this world and this portrays bravery. In chapter nine, Henry shows his brave character once again. In Paula, Henry was installed in a roadside trench. Some of the men were hungry so Henry volunteered to go and fetch some cold macaroni from the other side of the trench. The major advised him against it and said, â€Å"You better wait until the shelling is over.† Henry replied, â€Å"They want to eat.† (53) As Henry and the others came back to the dugout, shelling began and bombs burst around them. Then the blast furnace door swung open and Henry was badly injured. This incident showed his selfless courage and bravery. He did not have to do it, yet he went and got the food anyway. Henry risked his life for the others, and that is another true sign of bravery. Henry shows courage again in one of the last chapters we read. In the morning after a night of sleeping in a barn, Henry and Piani reunited with a group of soldiers. Suddenly two men from the battle police seize hold of Henry. Piani was led away, questioned, and then shot to death.

Chpl 500 Writing Assigment 1

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY WRITING ASSIGMENT ONE a RESEARCH paper sUBMITTED TO Dr. Charlie Davidson iN PARTIAL FULFILMENT oF THE REQUIREMENTS chpl 500 lIBERTY Baptist THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY wILLIAM nESTOR LAGRANGE GA March 24, 2013 When we think of a chaplain we think in of those who sever in the military providing spiritual comfort to soldier’s hospital. This role of spiritual leader can be traced back to the Roman imperial period where the Roman emperor was not just in charge ruling the empire but also was in charge of the state religion.Since the emperor was head of the state religion he was known as the â€Å"pontifex maximus† and it was his job to maintain the â€Å"pax deorum (peace of the gods)† to ensure welfare of the state. Those who served in Roman army religion were important, in every camp there was a shrine called aedes signorum which was locate at the headquarters. Within military there were personal that held different religious responsibilities such as victimarius and turarius who were the incense keepers. It was not until the fourth century when Christian clergy began to emerge in the Roman army.The source that is often looked at about the use of Christian clerics comes from Eusebius of Caesarea. In his report Life of the Emperor Constantine when he engaged in war he would make his tent in shape of a church to have sacred edifice to worship God in which the priests and deacons would provide the service according to the law of the church. Other group soldiers that practice religion was the Barbarians who professed Arian from of Christianity and these soldiers were attached the Roman army and were the first examples of Christian’s clerics being attached to an army unit.The Arian clerics would follow the barbarian armies for practical because when the armies would travel they could not find any Arian churches to meet the spiritual needs of the soldiers at the time. As stated earlier Christian clergy started to be used by the Roman army by Emperor Constantine who had vision of a cross which lead him to paint the symbol on his legionaries shield. This would also lead to other rituals to help Romans soldiers moral they would eventually use Christian relics and litanies and on the sails of the ships they would paint pictures of the Virgin.As move from the Roman imperial period to the Middle Ages religious leaders took continue to maintain the moral of the men who were fighting and facing imminent death. Chaplains gather their flock and provided liturgical services like penitential rites of purification and supplication because they believe war was the result of sin and the outcome was divine judgment. During the Crusades the fighters would fast three days and only take the Eucharist.They would bless the standard of the forces and would lead the soldiers with a processional cross or a prized relic. Chaplains would provide special blessings to provide protection on things like The Crusader’s Holy Lance because it was used a tool to communicate during chaos of combat. Just by looking at two different time periods religion was very important to people and the spiritual leaders had their hands full to maintain moral of people especially those who served in military units.They have to deal with stress of war and the toll it would take on the soldiers, this is the same thing that modern chaplains or religious leaders deal with today and it is not an easy job. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Doris L. Bergen, ed. , The Sword of the Lord: Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century (Notre Dame, Ind. : University of Notre Dame Press, 2004), 29. Chpl 500 Writing Assigment 1 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY WRITING ASSIGMENT ONE a RESEARCH paper sUBMITTED TO Dr. Charlie Davidson iN PARTIAL FULFILMENT oF THE REQUIREMENTS chpl 500 lIBERTY Baptist THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY wILLIAM nESTOR LAGRANGE GA March 24, 2013 When we think of a chaplain we think in of those who sever in the military providing spiritual comfort to soldier’s hospital. This role of spiritual leader can be traced back to the Roman imperial period where the Roman emperor was not just in charge ruling the empire but also was in charge of the state religion.Since the emperor was head of the state religion he was known as the â€Å"pontifex maximus† and it was his job to maintain the â€Å"pax deorum (peace of the gods)† to ensure welfare of the state. Those who served in Roman army religion were important, in every camp there was a shrine called aedes signorum which was locate at the headquarters. Within military there were personal that held different religious responsibilities such as victimarius and turarius who were the incense keepers. It was not until the fourth century when Christian clergy began to emerge in the Roman army.The source that is often looked at about the use of Christian clerics comes from Eusebius of Caesarea. In his report Life of the Emperor Constantine when he engaged in war he would make his tent in shape of a church to have sacred edifice to worship God in which the priests and deacons would provide the service according to the law of the church. Other group soldiers that practice religion was the Barbarians who professed Arian from of Christianity and these soldiers were attached the Roman army and were the first examples of Christian’s clerics being attached to an army unit.The Arian clerics would follow the barbarian armies for practical because when the armies would travel they could not find any Arian churches to meet the spiritual needs of the soldiers at the time. As stated earlier Christian clergy started to be used by the Roman army by Emperor Constantine who had vision of a cross which lead him to paint the symbol on his legionaries shield. This would also lead to other rituals to help Romans soldiers moral they would eventually use Christian relics and litanies and on the sails of the ships they would paint pictures of the Virgin.As move from the Roman imperial period to the Middle Ages religious leaders took continue to maintain the moral of the men who were fighting and facing imminent death. Chaplains gather their flock and provided liturgical services like penitential rites of purification and supplication because they believe war was the result of sin and the outcome was divine judgment. During the Crusades the fighters would fast three days and only take the Eucharist.They would bless the standard of the forces and would lead the soldiers with a processional cross or a prized relic. Chaplains would provide special blessings to provide protection on things like The Crusader’s Holy Lance because it was used a tool to communicate during chaos of combat. Just by looking at two different time periods religion was very important to people and the spiritual leaders had their hands full to maintain moral of people especially those who served in military units.They have to deal with stress of war and the toll it would take on the soldiers, this is the same thing that modern chaplains or religious leaders deal with today and it is not an easy job. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Doris L. Bergen, ed. , The Sword of the Lord: Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century (Notre Dame, Ind. : University of Notre Dame Press, 2004), 29.

Earth Layers Research Paper

How do scientists know what is in the center of the earth? How can we know what the core of the earth is made of, if scientists have never studied any materials from a depth below 7. 5 miles? Earth is approximately 4. 6 billion years old, and over this time period, many things have changed inside and out. The formation of our planet is quite amazing. Earth consists of multiple layers. The three most distinct or main layers are the core, mantle and crust. The inner portion is the core, in the middle is the mantle, and the outside is the crust. Over the course of this paper, the composition and formation of these layers will be described more specifically. According to ‘Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology’, â€Å"The inner core did not exist early in earth’s history, when our planet was hotter. However, as the Earth cooled, iron began to crystalize at the center to form the solid inner core and even today the inner core continues to grow as the planet cools. † The idea is that the core is composed of an iron-nickel alloy with traces of oxygen, silicon, and sulfur. The average density of this iron rich substance is fourteen times the density of water. The core is split into two separate regions, inner and outer core. The inner core is spherical and has a radius of 750 miles. The iron located within the inner core is solid, despite the high temperature; this is because of the mighty pressures in the middle of earth. The outer core is about 1400 miles thick and is a layer of liquid. Earth’s magnetic field is the cause of the movement of metallic iron within this area. The mantle contains eighty two percent of the volume of Earth. It is described as a rocky, solid shell that goes 1800 miles deep. The mantle consists of an upper and lower section. From the edge of the crust to about four hundred miles deep is considered the upper mantle. The upper mantle is divided into three separate parts. The lithosphere forms the rigid outer shell of Earth, making it the upper most part. In some areas below continents it can be more than 250 kilometers thick. Below the lithosphere lies the asthenosphere, which is a soft and weak layer. The top part of this layer has a temperature that causes some melting, which causes the lithosphere to detach from the layer and move independently. The upper part of the asthenosphere is near its melting point which makes it so weak. Below the asthenosphere, down about 660 kilometers deep is the section of the mantle known as the transition zone. The lower mantle is the largest part of the mantle. It lies at a depth of 660 kilometers down to 2900 kilometers. Increased pressure causes the mantle to strengthen as it becomes deeper. There is a layer between the lowest part of the rocky mantle and the hot outer core known as the â€Å"Dee double prime†. The face or rocky outer skin of the earth is known as the crust. The major features of the crust include the difference between the continental crust and oceanic crust. Oceanic crust is composed of basalt, a dark igneous rock, and is roughly five miles thick. Continental crust consists of many rock types, unlike oceanic crust. The thickness of continental crust averages about twenty five miles, but can be up to forty miles thick in some mountainous areas. Oceanic crust is denser because of the basalt in it. All the layers that make up the solid Earth are considered the geosphere. Above this sphere is called the biosphere. The biosphere includes all forms of life on our planet. The hydrosphere is a mass amount of water that is constantly on the move. From the oceans, it evaporates to the atmosphere, precipitates to the land, and then runs back to the ocean. About seventy percent of the planet’s surface consists of global ocean. The final sphere of Earth is the atmosphere and without it life here would not exist. The atmosphere is divided into five layers. The troposphere is the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth. This layer starts at the surface of Earth and extends outward about ten miles. It is in this area that weather occurs. Roughly eighty percent of the atmosphere is located in the troposphere. The stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere. This layer extends thirty miles above the planet’s surface. The temperature of this layer does rise, however it still remains below freezing. The next layer is the mesosphere, and rises about forty to fifty miles above the surface of Earth. The air is very thin in this layer and can reach temperatures as low as -184 degrees Fahrenheit. This layer is considered the middle atmosphere along with the troposphere. The thermosphere extends several hundred miles above the surface. The temperature of this layer can rise up to 2000 degrees Celsius. The thermosphere is considered the upper atmosphere. The top of the thermosphere is known as the exosphere. The exosphere rises 6200 miles above the Earth. This layer is called the outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere. So how do we know what we know? Geologists have discovered a lot about the core of our planet by looking at Earth’s magnetic field and measuring seismic waves as they pass through the earth. Changes in these waves are studied, and Geologists are able to draw up conclusions about the Earths density and what it must look like inside. Rocks that originated in the mantle, and were collected at Earth’s surface have provided evidence that supports the composition of our planets interior. Meteorites also provide important clues for the composition of the core and mantle. These meteorites are important because they show samples of planetesimals, the material from which Earth and the inner planets were formed. Advances in technology have provided studies that support composition and density of the layers of Earth, such as the introduction of seismic wave studies that indicate what we know of the Earths layers today. Bibliography wwkidsgeo.com/geology en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_core Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology. Tenth edition. Tarbuck Lutgens and Tasa geography.about.com/od/physicalgeography/p/layeratmosphere.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layers_of_the_atmosphere

Case Study On Tesco Plc

Case Study On Tesco Plc Free Online Research Papers Tesco is one of the Leading food retailers in Ireland and United Kingdom. Tesco’s annual sales are moving through $5 billion and Tesco’s online grocery stores Tesco.com is one of the leading consumer service in online internationally with not less than 1 million customers and with 240,000 orders completed a week. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 located at East London. Company’s management was moving forward by the two key people, they are Sir Terry Leahy – Chief Executive and David Reid – Chairman. Tesco’s plc has an ultimate product ranges few are Groceries, Telecoms, Financial services and Consumer goods. The total Revenue of the company is up to 2009 is  £ 54.3 billion and the Operating income was  £ 3,128 million up to 2009. Tesco’s net income is  £ 3,090 million up to 2009. Over all the has a approximate + 440,000 employees world wide and nearly 2300 stores up to the financial year of 2009. Tesco has some subsidiaries like Tesco Ireland limited, Tesco Stores limited and Tesco Personal finance are the main business lines. 2. Background of Tesco: Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919, at that time he is going to sell groceries in East end of London from a stall. The first brand of Tesco was entered in market on 1924. Jack Cohen bought whole goods of Tea in the long years from T.E Stockwell. Then he made of new labels to the company using the three first labels of suppliers’ name as TES. The CO was formed by the first two letters. Because of that the name was formed as â€Å"TESCO†. In Burnt Oak, Edgware, Middlesex the first Store of Tesco was opened in 1929. The stock exchange entrance was held as Tesco stores limited in 1947 at London Stock Exchange. In 1951, the first self service store was opened which is formally known as Metro and in 1956, the first supermarket was launched. During the years Tesco was expanded their business throughout overseas. 3. History and Growth Chart of Tesco: Business Growth Year Jack Cohen founded Tesco 1919 (East end of London First day sale $8 and Profit $2) Owned nearly 800 Companies 1950-1960 Purchased Williamsons Stores (70) 1957 Purchased Harrow Stores outlets (200) 1959 Purchased Irwins stores (212) 1960 Purchased Charles Phillips stores (97) 1964 Purchased Victor value chain 1968 Annual market sales reached  £1 billion 1979 Annual market sales exceed  £2 billion 1982 Sold Victor value chain to Bejam 1986 Achieve the number one position in food retailing 1995 Launched Tesco.com 2000 Deal with Safeway 2001 Launched clothing â€Å"Cherokee† 2002 First major music download market (Tesco.com) 2004 Announces profits (annual)  £1 billion 2005 Enter into non food retailing 2005 Tied up with Royal bank of Scotland 2008 Tesco’s net income  £3,090 million 2009 5. Strategic Decision or an Optimistic one? : Tesco is a leading retailer in UK as well as Overseas. The Decision of the Tesco is depends upon the UK Economy, Market Position of RBS and Financial Crisis of 2008/09. These are he leading points of the company’s Decision. It is really a strategic decision why so it is the right planning to get growth in the business lines. The way of operating business can get the good results in financial phases. Tesco’s Strategic Decision in Finance: Tesco has taken a very good Decision why because, When ever the financial crisis is running, then the market values will be in down and it is the right time to get into the business line and later on we can grow our business through success path in future. Tesco is pushing into the move of consumer banking as a fully launched bank. Because of the competition from the street banks, Tesco was planned to launch the basic bank accounts to the customers for the better way of service and tied up with Royal Bank of Scotland. Tesco has the capability to maintain the insurance, car loans as the financial business lines in their own stores. This is the better way to service their customers towards the banking needs and save time as well. Tesco has planned to get the authorization from the financial services Authority. Tesco is challenging the street banks and the Insurance companies with their strategic decision and services offered by the company. The main thing is that, Tes co will maintain the true potential from the retailing services offered. Tesco was expertise that it can get  £500 million profit through the deal and it is approves by FSA. By this, it is a right decision to give customers consumer bank accounts. It will help the customers in a mean time. This will improve the business and it can make things easy and the profits will rise in growth. Due to these issues, Tesco is planned well and it is the strategic decision to move into the financial market. Tesco Finance Facts: Total Customers – 5.5 millions Bank Credit card accounts – 1.3 million Bank Savings Accounts- 3, 90,000 Credit card market share – 6.9 percent Number of ATM s in Tesco Stores – 2700 Percentage of Car Insurance market – 4.3 UK Economy: Europe’s largest financial center is London and one of the third biggest financial centers alongside Tokyo and New York. UK economy is based on the economies of Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England. After Germany and France, UK is the 6th largest economy in the world and the 3rd biggest in Europe. The UK dominated the trade internationally in 19th century. After the two world wars, Industry of the UK was declined and going Down in the base of business market issues. It posses every thing up to the 20th century as per the issues faced in the two world wars. In the national output, the only one 6th of the economy is a significant one in Manufacturing from UK. Market Position of RBS: In the British lands, the RBS (Royal bank of Scotland) is the major part in Insurance and banking. RBS was founded in the year 1727. Its head quarters are at Scotland, Edinburgh and United Kingdom. The Key people are Stephen Hester as CEO and Philip Hampton as Chairman. The revenue is  £49522 million as on 2008. The net income of the RBS was  £24137 million as on 2008 and finally the operating income was  £40,667 as on 2008. It is purely a financial based company which is going to serve in the area of financial services. From these information , RBS has a good market position and it can handle any financial crisis and the main thing is that the move in the financial services has to be good at strategies. Financial Crisis 2008-09: In the financial year of 2008-09, through out the world is in financial crisis and the most probable thing is 2008 April 22nd, RBS announced a right issue to raise the  £12billion in new capital of the purchase of ABN Amro. The bank has also announced that it has a great thing in the issues like divert the subsidiaries to raise further funds like insurance divisions. In this situation, the tie up with the RBS is the great thing to Tesco. It is a strategic decision of Tesco. 5. Strategic Approach of Tesco: Tesco is the biggest ultimate food retailing company in the world with nearly 2300 stores across world wide. Tesco operates the consumer banking facility to their customers and it operates on the non food sector. Tesco changed its strategy to change positions in 2008 for the corporate responsibility. Tesco has a build the three stair strategy for addressing the climate change in the company. The first objective is to reduce the GHG emissions from the operations of the own company. It has defined some legal plans for its carbon footprint. It is now reducing the reduction the plans and to committed transparent to achieve the specific goals. Tesco has a second objective that invest in a technology based era and set the work done with others and getting the profits. It is a better solution for the law carbon solutions. By this we can get the appropriate results with in a mean time. The third objective is to avail customers with the low carbon choices and the company y is ready for this type of the emissions. In this way the retailing companies can get the god result oriented business in international market. As per the Tesco retiling, the growth in the business is classified through five segments which described below. 1. Mainstay Growth in core UK: Tesco is one of the well established companies worldwide with profitable non food retailing in UK. It is bounded with the precious values of customers. Tesco has a significant growth in the core UK business with the employees of 280,000 and the stores of 21, 00. The group sales itself in growth coming from UK is 75 percent. A part from the food retailing, Tesco was started the non food retailing with the multi formats and it will help for the growth in the UK core business for Tesco and it is a very good change to improve the business needs of the company. It is one way to contribute the business needs to the United Kingdom. Tesco is providing the consumer needs in four ways of stores like Metro, Extra, Express, Homeplus and Superstore. By these stores Tesco is giving a successful business in UK and it’s a opportunity to increase sales better. 2. Convergent Business values: Convergent business values are the one way of approach to the community needs and it is an opportunity for the business growth. From this, Tesco is providing the more sufficient and suitable jobs and opportunities for those who are not in the community approach. It is one time profitability to the customers but Tesco is going to offer a life time loyalty to the customers in a better and significant way for the purpose of online community approach needs. It is going to be created a good will in the customers towards the company as well as the services offered by the company. Through the innovation and growth Tesco can do the better evolution in the market as well as in the company side too. Tesco is responsible to do the products in a healthy and a responsible way. 3. To be strong in non food: Tesco Is going to offer the different range of non food through the homeplus and extra stores. Tesco is providing the better non food through the stores for the needs of the customers in a better and flexible way. Tesco was started the Tesco Direct in 2006 for the better serving to the customer needs with 11,000 products and there are going to provide the delivery facility also. By providing this, customers are getting the better quality non food for the better prices including household things. Tesco is getting into the customers with a wide range of the clothing in the affordable way of service. It has the 27 centers to distribution and the 7 which they handle the non food and clothing ranges. Now there is a team for Tesco to operate the non food products internationally. By this way they are providing services to their customers in a better and a quality way. 4. Follow customers into new retailing services: Tesco is the one of the most powerful company in the non food retailing like personal finance. It was started the joint venture with the royal bank of Scotland. In the eve of that is has celebrated his 10th anniversary. Tesco is providing insurance and credit cards to their customers with affordable 26b new range products. According to the business news, they already announced as, they are getting the 50 % share holding in the Tesco personal finance with the agreement of RBS. By this Tesco is going to offer their customers to provide the better consumer needs. Tesco.com is the new way of providing service in online goods since 2000. Now the customers are buy online with the Tesco are one million. They are offered the better services like bag less. This year, Tesco is going to planned for better service in Ireland and south Korea. In mean while Tesco is providing mobile services like Tesco mobile from 2003 with a joint venture providing with O2. Now days it is the number o ne mobile network in UK customer service from 2008. 5) Overseas business growth: Overseas business growth is the main issue in the current financial era. It has the 30 percent of the stores in the outside of the United Kingdom and it is planning to make a better solution for the Tesco financial market. It is planning to make that 30 percent in the increased level of 45 percent by next year. It is a one type of expansion of central Europe and Asia. In this, Tesco was entered in the market in mid 90’s and now days it is going to operate the 12 markets outside the UK. It is a tremendous business plans for the growth of the company and to the share holders. It has 20 m customers and in overseas where they are getting totally  £700 m profit. In overseas markets in the every businesses has to be unique why so, by that way only we can invest in multi formats and get the good results by the financial year. It has a well established company and has a flexi brands to provide better service to the customers TASK -2 1. Tesco Capabilities and Resources to be Successful: Tesco Plc is one of the major food and non food retailing company in the world. Primarily it operates from the UK. Tesco operates nearly 2300 stores internationally, as per the Tesco the main major business growth is going on in rest of the UK. The business growth is well established in the rest of Europe and Asia continents. Tesco is providing the customers the great shopping facility through online and it is the most effective way to produce the internal and external process of online shopping. Tesco is operating through the multiple format stores like Express, Metro, Extra and Superstore. Tesco has an agreement with Royal bank of Scotland to expand the business in the financial market. Actually in the mean time of the financial crisis, the share values will be down and this is the right time to enter into the financial business and generate the good results with an appropriate strategies. 2. Tesco Financial Market Consumer Banking Competency: Tesco has a capability in the financial market to move forward with the continuous growth and the profitability. In the global market it has a million dollar position and now it can take a change to grown in the business of financial market. It is already combined with the RBS while getting the 50 percentage of share holding to improve the facilities to the customers towards the consumer banking. Consumer banking is one f the good idea to provide customers the flexi way of maintain the bank accounts. It is the most supervision pat of the Tesco. Tesco has a personal finance to meet the criteria of the financial market. Tesco is going to enable the various global retailing businesses towards the financial markets. In the process of the mean things, the global market is in down because of the financial crisis 2008-09. In the mean while it is an open offer to take the share holding in the RBS will give a good change to grow the business in the banking and financial sector also. With the motivation of the non food retailing, Tesco entered into the financial market with the successful efforts. Now the consumer banking is one of the major facilities, what the customer needs in every day of life. Tesco is going to provide the customers the loyalty to the lifetime. In the needs of the enthusiastic efforts of the Tesco in the financial market, it’s a good change to grow the business in overseas. 3. Tesco Profitable returns review: Tesco is a well branded company and it sells many products clothing, books, consumer goods and the only weaknesses are insurance and furniture. The competitor’s are focused in the specialized themes of the banking and insurance sectors due the growth in the financial market, but Tesco is not concentrating that much in the long back in that sectors. Now it has done with an agreement of RBS and now it is putting efforts in the financial market. There is so many challenges Tesco faced in the past years. Now it has a chance to grow the business towards the insurance and the financial sector in the global consumer banking facility. It has the most committed and the loyal staff to work under pressure and to bind with the company values. 4. Getting into Consumer Banking: Internationally there is financial crisis in the present market. It is the most advantage stage to get into the new business sector with enthusiastic strategies will get the ultimate profit in the financial field. Tesco is tied up with the RBS and the RBS is going to provide the card access and saving accounts services and Tesco is going to be operated the insurance, car loans etc consumer needs. Business growth is the main theme in the financial sector, where we can get more profitable returns through needful strategies. Due to consumer banking, in he present financial market the returns will get less and the product ability will increase in hike. Once get into the Consumer banking, the things will definitely change due to the services offering to customer as per their needs and loyalty. This is the right time to move into financial banking sector in UK to get profitable returns as well as company growth. 5. Tesco SWOT Analysis: What is SWOT? : SWOT is nothing but the Technical term which we will use frequently in the Marketing sector. SWOT is known as Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity and Threats. Why SWOT? : SWOT will describe the current market position of the company and the capabilities of the company. When SWOT? Whenever you want to know about the present company position, market values, capabilities to expansion then we will make an analysis review through SWOT. It is called as SWOT analysis. Based on the review we can able to take the appropriate action towards the company growth and expansion of the business. Organization Background: Tesco plc is the world’s biggest retailing company. Its major primary business of food retailing is operates from UK. Tesco operates nearly 2300 superstores, convenience and supermarkets in the UK and the rest of Asia and Europe. Tesco offers financial products like banking services and insurance, as well as telecommunication products and electrical appliances products. i) Strengths: Growth in market share: Tesco holds the 13 percent overall market shares in the UK retailing market. The growth in the share market comes with the multi formats in the food retailing. Tesco has sufficient funds and has a capability to run the business in multi formats. These will get the profits and increasing the market share and by that including space availability and contribution, hypermarkets have a possibility to move forward in higher shares in the non food retailing. There is no sign of reduction in the growth of Tesco’s general retailing and ROI. In The late 2002 of Tesco’s investment through affordable efforts in west mild lands based store market group T and S was billed as the most antagonistic move into the neighborhood business market by a name of big retailer so far. This deal makes Tesco as the biggest convenience store in UK ranked as second after the co operative business group and it is going to open nearly 59 new stores in UK this year. Tesco’s non food retailing division has grown in the extent where the total 23 percent in its group incomes. Tesco’s overseas business in a hike position and it is growing in a periodical manner and it can get up with the group profits over next five years. If international market was good then it is a way to assume the result of continuous growth in Tesco’s provincial strength. Financial Insurance Sector: In motor insurance of public revenue 2003, Tesco has reached one million policies. That makes Tesco as the fastest well provider of motor insurance growing company ever. Tesco offered to the Clubcard holders to get the holiday insurance at checkouts through instant travel insurance. Over 330,000 dogs and cats get covered by pet insurance. Last year Tesco has reached the milestones of life insurance. Tesco get the most spirited life insurance provider in the Moneyfacts awards of 2003. Tesco’s online market: Tesco was started Tesco.com as the biggest online supermarket. This year the sales are grown up and this year it made sales of  £577 m with the profitable increase in sales of 29 percent compared to last year. Tesco online stores are now operating in country with nearly 270 stores where it is covered 96 percent of United Kingdom. By this unbelievable one million customers using consumer goods facility through online, there is a chance to improve the business stream and it has a strong platform to develop further in future. Company Brand Value: During the last financial year, Tesco profit is get increased 78 percent on operations at Asia, Europe and Ireland. Company has maintaining the quality and the customer worthy, healthy goods represent ultimate value. It has a good and well effort for the company growth and to move forward in the insurance and finance sector. Toughened UK market leadership : Since getting into the number one position in 1996, Tesco has launched a great strategy towards multi format values. Tesco’s United Kingdom sales are 71 percent larger than Sainsbury because of multi format. As per the Competition commission’s report, it is very difficult to Wal-Marts to get into the chance of UK leadership. This tells us that in domestic market Tesco is in an extremely strong position. ii) Weaknesses: Confidence upon the UK market: Currently International market is growing now, in this situation there is so many expectations over Tesco in coming five years. Tesco was depend upon the UK market where as they have 78.3 % of 2003 revenues. While in case of this situations this is not a major weakness of short term, for example like the Morrison’s group is going to purchase the Safeway chain. There is a possibility to balance the market share of UK and supermarket power. Debt diminution: Until the year of 2006 Tesco was not reduced its debit. Tesco has the ability to invest in the huge amount of capital in various business sectors. If the expansion of the business was running well then there will be some free cash for any other purposes. Due to this Tesco can invest the money and it has a capable to run business in various business lines. Operations: With the strategic approach, Tesco has a massive ability to expansion of the business. It has an active project value of  £23 billion. Its huge product range is an added advantage, Especially in United Kingdom. While the company strategy is in the form of fill the gap, this is quiet danger in sometimes to become a serial business successor. The most common thing is that, if the product ranges are huge then sometimes the quality and the earnings visibility will reduce. iii) Opportunities: Non food retailing market: In UK, Tesco is going to format the hypermarket with their increased sales by shares of 3 percent in the coming few years. It is going to use the structure for the market strategies and the merchandising techniques to the growth of the company. It will help to the growth of the company in overseas business line. Tesco is estimated that their non food sales will grow by double in coming four years. Now internationally it has a sale of  £7 billion and another is 23 percent totals. The main aim of the Tesco is to grow the business line in the form of non food retailing. It’s not like that things to say as consultancy speak to become a successful in the coming years. Already they planned to grow the business with the opened space of UK market for only non food retailing and now planning to increase the non food share from 5 percent to 6 percent, Overall market share should be increased by 100 basis points to 12.8 percent. To develop the business line in telecom sector is the biggest retailing service project of Tesco. The same thing happened in banking that repeating the strategic approach and values the brands. Beauty and Heath : In UK, Tesco’s beauty and health ranges are growing hike, and it is the biggest retailer in skincare. It has the market leading position in healthcare and the toiletries. It is also number one retailer in the market goods of baby goods. Tesco was invested the whole amount of  £27 million on beauty and healthcare alone. Now Tesco has 200 stores with the pharmacies and 19 stores with the opticians. Future Overseas Growth: In addition United Kingdom, Tesco was running operations in 6 countries in Europe. Those are Slovakia, Czech Republic, Turkey, Poland, Hungary, Ireland and Asia too. Asian countries are Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan and Japan. Its overseas sales were  £700 million 7 years before. Now it’s nearly ten times bigger and with profit of  £306 million and at most  £7 billion over all market. Tesco had a serious planning to grow the market with high range hypermarkets. Tesco is now using the space to spread over the business with the new strategies. Tesco has entered in the market of US with a strategic decision, for home shopping model the Safeway is to take the Tesco in US market. Tesco’s Telecom sector is the main thing to get the growth in business line with in a short period of time. It will surely develop the proper retailing services. iv) Threats: Structural Changes in UK would flicker a price war : The Followers in price were become aggressive in the UK market, Because of the Ownership of Safeway and new management of Sainsbury. Safeway prices are up by 6 percent while reducing by Morrison. Sainsbury is to reduce the lower prices and to recover in the market. With both Tesco and ASDA committed in leadership of prices that is what now a position to step down in market of profitability. Returns from Overseas could fall : The Case of Tesco is to growth in the overseas driving higher returns in group and the countries are moving in the critical positions. This will be the cause that competitors’ action, economic conditions or the Tesco’s business strategies failed. There is another consequence is that enter into the biggest market such as Japan and china. ASDA and WAL-MART Challenge: Since from long years in the shopping business line in US, Wal Mart was Purchased ASDA. Tesco is in danger to that position of market in US. In range of goods ad prices ASDA is in a very well position. ASDA is the well known biggest supermarket in UK after the TESCO and Sainsbury. However ASDA leads the gap of Sainsbury in the year 2003 with a better strategy. ASDA supposed to give a special offers to the customers that it would be the great thing in the retailing business line ever seen. Wall Mart is also planning to buy the major part of the business line in UK with the well known brands and it has that buying capacity. Overseas Expansion of Business: It is a very expensive thing in Business of Expansion through overseas. Large investment and marketing was required to enter into the market with a new brand name. Now the land prices are low and this is the right time to move into the distribution and operations which increases Tesco’s debit before it comes to decline. Korea is giving a good support in Tesco’s business to growth in international profit. In 2003/04 the growth of Tesco is one-third in Korea. Consumer spending in Korea is very low and its time to back on by the large investments and it will be high risk. TASK 3 1. Tesco’s Resources and Planning in UK: Presence in UK: Tesco is one of the top retailers in UK as well as overseas market. Tesco has started their operations in the mid 1920’s and they invest in different markets in different sectors. Tesco has approximately 2600 stores world wide. There are more than 4, 50,000 employees in the business units of Tesco world wide. They are in telecommunications, logistics, financial services, converting retailing and distribution. The most forward thing in Tesco is the affective product delivery. In this mainly food retailing is the basic and strong phase in Tesco business unit. It has a long term goals, like to be good in the core business of UK with the ultimate top level, spread over the business throughout the World as International brand, become strong in non food retailing as well as in food retailing, in the choice of customer demand has to be provide the new retailing services world wide. Business Growth in UK: Tesco is an international brand which is making business with good progress in UK. As per the market issues Tesco has a sales growing like 7.6% hike and the sales increased in the quarter is 4.8%. In the UK market Tesco has a strong business directs like petrol which is contributed by 3.0%, Tesco direct and the Tesco dot com are one of the strong business sales in the current market. Tesco is offering the new products as per the discount sales and they want customers spend less amount by reducing prices and make more affordable products available, new discounter products and related sales required. These lunches represents the biggest changes in the business since the value lines presented in 1993. By giving customers more profitable choices, they think to deflate the sales by 2 and 3 percentage points in this quarter. As per the result, over 300,000 more customers enjoying the great shopping every week and they got the more affordable sales volumes. Even in the dif ficult times also the normal merchandise retains to a strong appeal to the people. This performance was very better than the whole non food market. Utilizing Resources: Tesco is an international brand. Tesco has so many products like food, consumer goods, and non food products. Tesco is presence in UK from long years. It has a competitive strategy and the good analysis over the international market. Probably for any organization we have some needs; those are human skills, inventory, financial resources, production resources and technological resources. In the process of the allocating resources, the technique and the project management are the major part. Financial Earnings Estimation: In the Financial earnings, the numbers of analysts are 3 in the Feb 09, and the average estimation is $120. The low estimate was $1.16 in feb09. By this they are supposed to that the growth rate will be 4.17 % by next year Feb 10. According to the present market situation, the low estimation will be $ 1.22 in Feb 10.Regrding this, the company is getting more profitable growth and the good earnings in the present market. In the non food market also, Tesco is going to be lead in the next coming years. Due to the financial crisis, Industrial Business Relations: Tesco is getting 80% of the profit from the UK business through the unpredictable common Industrial Business Relations. Tesco is well-established company, which supports the United Nations universal declaration of human rights, and the core conventions of international labor organizations. The chief executive of the each national subsidiary is agreed to the transposed human right’s policy. Tesco is paying the fair amount in the matter of wages and the policies to the employees across world wide. They are paying with out reflections of the market position. Employees are not going to work extra hours why so they need the health and safety training towards their lives. They like employees to join in a trade union then only they can be united each other. Tesco is the biggest venture of members in the union of any company. It gains the sufficient growth by maintaining the business relations in the profitable manner. 2. Competitive Strategies of Tesco: Challenges: The main aim of the Tesco is to expansion of the business as per the needs of the customer services. In the growth of Tesco, it has a 27 percent of market share where the competitors are always behind one step. In the online market, there are huge grocery stores available and there is a need to expansion the market products in the other ways also. Here there is an opportunity to expand the business through online availability to the customers. The main theme of Tesco is that, if there is any market share left then they thought that there will be potential ability to expansion and growth of the business. The most challenging thing is to succeed in the business of furniture .why because they already failed in that causes of handling and shipping charges. In the mean while, to achieve the challenges there is a need to approach in a systematic manner. There is a few methodologies to achieve the challenges describe below. Changes in the Technological drives: In the present online market, the UK is internet diffusion as of the year 2007 is almost 64 percent and the Ireland one is almost 51 percent. These results make a clear idea and the growth of the new online shopping business ventures. In the mean while, Tesco was started the Tesco.com to get the possible market shares online and now it is in a good position to achieve the market figures and the competitors are in step behind. Convince the customer is not a good issue with the quality products and it is a preplanned venture and we are proud to offer good products in the needs of the customers. This strategy is not a fear-provoking thought to take risk to sell non-food items like furniture. Creating Business Values: The most affordable effort of Tesco is to enter into the online shopping why because, it will save money, cost and traveling expenses. The good thing is the convenience to people to buy the products online. It can increase the market efficiency and reduce the labor costs and transaction costs. Familiarly known Tesco brands get low cost in the internet and there also a trendy that internet can reduces the costs and customers get the products with low prices. Capturing Business Values: The most important thing in the Tesco’s Business is the DSIR. The strategy is the winner can takes all approach the new heights in business. In the UK business market, Tesco is now the number one in online and offline market. Tesco is also capturing the business values by membership cards and loyalty programs and special offers in Tesco web sites. By the performance of Tesco, all known the products online and it is a possible way to get the value through market pricing. Business Policy and Approach: The new initiative was launched by the Tesco.com was Tesco Direct. The new initiative brings non food items with a high reputation like bikes, cameras, electronics, Kitchenware , sofas and beds available through online for millions of online users. There are more than 8000 products in online for customers. They can purchase the online products through online by easy ways like phone banking or directly at the stores. Customers have a choice to deliver the products to home or to be picked from selected stores located in local. Supply chain System: Tesco will not change in the system of the supply chain because of its strategy and expansion. It has already a online line for the food retail, now is not that much easy to get into the non food retailing. If Customers needs the products, it can be supplied through online but it is the most expensive way of dealing things online. Overseas Business Growth Strategies: The main business thing is the flexibility. In any country, each market should be unique and they require different business approaches. Tesco entered in the Japanese market as the discount operator of supermarket. Because of that they can get the supply chain business in the coming future in a huge amount of business. The Secondary thing is the local values; the customers need the packages and the selling goods in a particular local manner and through the piles of produce to what they want. They are getting reached in the customer’s expectations through online business ventures like Tesco direct. Multi Formats are the new possible ventures in the online market; a whole thing is to spread your market everywhere in the world. Developing the capabilities is not a easy thing, why so for that we need to be good at the quality assurance and the right way of producing goods in a predictable manner to customers. Brands are the new segments in the present markets. The main brands aim of the Tesco is to enable the customers to get what they want. Tesco is a well maintained relationship with the customers. The first brand in China is the Tesco Legou, which is opened in Feb 2007 and now they are going to re branding the whole stores. The most affordable things done by the Tesco is to market every possible product through online. Effective way of selling products is the main cause of increasing profits in the business. Getting the huge amount of reputation will depends on the quality assurance. The main theme of the Tesco is the Customer satisfaction while purchasing the online products like food and non food. 3. Competitors and Market Position of Tesco: Competitors of Tesco: 1. ASDA 2. Sainsbury 3. Morrisons The Main competitors of the Tesco are Asda and Sainsbury. These are the main competitors in business strategies and the value markets. Before going to know about the competitors, we have to know the market shares of the companies in UK. According to that, we can able to come under estimation and also the product values intended by the companies. Supermarket Consumer Spend ( £000s) Market Share August 2008 +/- from July 2008 Tesco 6,351,531 31.6% ? 0.3% Asda 3,410,431 17.0% ? 0.1% Sainsburys 3,175,543 15.9% ? 0.1% Morrisons 2,233,137 11.1% ? 0.2% : Market Position of Tesco : 1. ASDA: ASDA is a group of companies and it is owned by the US Corporation Wal Mart Since 1999, the main competitor of the Tesco is ASDA Group why so, they have that enthusiastic potential to get the job done. It is the world’s biggest food chain market 8 times bigger than Tesco. The best selling brand of ASDA’s George was range of clothing. They are now putting pressure to move into the Matalan, the discount giant clothing and home furnishing market stores. 2. Sainsbury: Sainsbury is then biggest grocer unit in UK until the year 1995, but recently it is stepped out to the third position. The company struggled to get back on line. Despite of the things, the company couldn’t get back to the second position. The latest results shows that compared to Sainsbury share at 16.22 percent the ASDA’s share is at 16.6 % by the Taylor Nelson Sofres. Financial Position: According to the TNS WorldPanel, The share of the UK Tesco was increased by 0.3 percent as compared to 10th august 2008, at that time the share price is 31.6 percent. It was up by 12 weeks from the July 2008. The business share has raise and the recent low is 30.9 percent. Tesco operates overseas and in UK. The business would be in sufficient way to achieve the planned growth. Tesco has to be in provision of banking facilities in addition with the recent success of  £2.4 bn Eurobond issue. It can comfortably cover all the financial needs of the next year. It includes the TPF and Homever achievements. In Tesco’s business needs, with in maturity of 13 years there are no significant bonds in 2008 and 2009. The only  £300m of debit maturities are there in 2009 and 2010. The Group has planed to reduce the expenditure of capital by  £4 billion and it has to be like cash positive before the two acquisitions of the current financial year. International Performance: The International market sales were growing up by 25.7 percent at the actual exchange market rates and the constant rate as per was 21.4 percent. This was included in that why so, the sales in Asia were grown by 29 percent at constant market rates. That means we have a rapid growth in all European markets. Tesco is planning to provide new stores to customers with more than 7 million square feet space through out world wide. At the same time In Poland and Malaysia the Marko business has going well. Financial Growth: In 2007, Group sales (including vat) 11.1 percent. Underlying group profit before tax is 11.8 percent. Group profit before tax 5.7 percent. Underlying diluted earnings per share is 20.8 percent Diluted earnings per share are 14.2 percent. Dividend per share is 13.1 percent. Share price 355.40 p Detailed share prices are $ 15.60. Financial Growth: In 2008, Group sales (including vat) 51,773. Group profit before tax is 2,846. Underlying diluted earnings per share is 27.07 percent Diluted earnings per share are 26.61 percent. Return on capital employed 12.9 percent. References: 1. www.Tesco.com 2. www.Tescoplc.com 3. www.Tescoreports.com Research Papers on Case Study On Tesco PlcMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paper

The Burgundian Wars Battle of Nancy

The Burgundian Wars Battle of Nancy In late 1476, despite earlier defeats at Grandson and Murten, Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy moved to besiege the city of Nancy which had been taken by Duke Rene II of Lorraine earlier in the year. Fighting severe winter weather, the Burgundian army encircled the city and Charles hoped to win a swift victory as he knew Rene to be gathering a relief force. Despite the siege conditions, the garrison at Nancy remained active and sortied against the Burgundians. In one foray, they succeeded in capturing 900 of Charles men. Rene Approaches Outside the city walls, Charles situation was made more complicated by the fact that his army was not linguistically unified as it possessed Italian mercenaries, English archers, Dutchmen, Savoyards, as well as his own Burgundian troops. Acting with financial support from Louis XI of France, Rene succeeded in assembling 10,000-12,000 men from Lorraine and the Lower Union of the Rhine. To this force, he added an additional 10,000 Swiss mercenaries. Moving deliberately, Rene began his advance on Nancy in early January. Marching through the winter snows, they arrived south of the city on the morning of January 5, 1477. The Battle of Nancy Moving swiftly, Charles began deploying his smaller army to meet the threat. Making use of the terrain, he positioned his army across a valley with a small stream to its front. While his left was anchored on the River Meurthe, his right rested on an area of thick woods. Arranging his troops, Charles positioned his infantry and thirty field guns in the center with his cavalry on the flanks. Assessing the Burgundian position, Rene and his Swiss commanders decided against a frontal assault believing that it could not succeed. Instead, the decision was made to have the largely Swiss vanguard (Vorhut) move forward to attack Charles left, while the Center (Gewalthut) swung to the left through the forest to attack the enemy right. After a march that lasted around two hours, the Center was in position slightly behind Charles right. From this location, the Swiss alpenhorns sounded three times and Renes men charged down through the woods. As they slammed into Charles right, his cavalry succeeded in driving off their Swiss opposites, but his infantry was soon overwhelmed by superior numbers. As Charles desperately began shifting forces to realign and reinforce his right, his left was driven back by Renes vanguard. With his army collapsing, Charles and his staff frantically worked to rally their men but with no success. With the Burgundian army in mass retreat towards Nancy, Charles was swept along until his party was surrounded by a group of Swiss troops. Attempting to fight their way out, Charles was struck in the head by a Swiss halberdier and killed. Falling from his horse, his body was found three days later. With the Burgundians fleeing, Rene advanced to Nancy and lifted the siege. Aftermath While the casualties for the Battle of Nancy are not known, with Charles death the Burgundian Wars effectively came to an end. Charles Flemish lands were transferred to the Hapsburgs when Archduke Maximilian of Austria married Mary of Burgundy. The Duchy of Burgundy reverted to French control under Louis XI. The performance of the Swiss mercenaries during the campaign further bolstered their reputation as superb soldiers and led to their increased use across Europe.

Service Encounter Jounals (Service Marketing) Essay - 1

Service Encounter Jounals (Service Marketing) - Essay Example lue formation, greater participation of customers in manufacture procedure, other people may shape part of product experience, better variability in ready inputs and outputs, numerous services are hard for customers to assess, service products are short-lived and cannot be inventoried, time factor is additional important, release systems comprise electronic and bodily channels. Two good ways to decide if a customer is miserable is, first, they dont want to disburse for a high-quality or service, and two, and they bad mouth and protest about an industry. Complaints can harm a companys picture. Word-of-mouth complaining is bad sufficient, but at the present there are web sites that provide to open forums of customers real or likely grumblings. A web site for Sprint clientele offers clientele and employees to inform their stories. "So whether you are [a] discontented employee, or ex-employee, a client who has been slammed, crowded, [miss]-charged, spoken to rudely, unnoticed, or have received simple old awful service, you can inform your story and well place it here." (Sprint) This venting opening can depiction a corporation for its wrong doing, or on the other hand, it can cast a shadow of hesitation on an ethically run industry unjustly. So what behaviors do bad clientele have, besides not paying and awful mouthing? There are clientele that do not have the where-with-all to uphold control when they are annoyed. They can become orally abusive, and in a number of cases, physically rude. Owner Kevin Wyman of Off-road Outlet Inc. communal, "Into every commerce owners lap a few easier said than done customers have to fall. Once youve been on the in receipt of end of their ire, you be acquainted with why theyre called clientele from hell." (McCune) Learning how to administer these types of clientele can alleviate stress for the clientele and workers. Customers that are unaccustomed of foodstuffs or services can be grievant. Many times there are prospect that dont get